ruby-on-rails - Carrierwave/Fog 看不到 Heroku 环境变量

Question

我正在从 Ruby 1.9.3/Rails 3.2.14 升级到 Ruby 2.2.0/Rails 4.2.1，一切都在我的开发系统上运行。推送到 Heroku 时，我收到 ArgumentError: Missing required arguments: aws_access_key_id, aws_secret_access_key 但是这些环境变量已设置。

~/documents/coding$ heroku config -a vupgrade
=== vupgrade Config Vars
....
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:            ...XYZ...
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:        ...XYZ...
....

fork 我的暂存系统后，推送的(更完整的)输出如下:

~/documents/coding$ git push upgrade upgrade:master
Fetching repository, done.
Counting objects: 9950, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (5166/5166), done.
Writing objects: 100% (9950/9950), 82.90 MiB | 748.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 9950 (delta 7130), reused 6420 (delta 4535)

-----> Fetching custom git buildpack... done
-----> Ruby app detected
-----> Compiling Ruby/Rails
-----> Using Ruby version: ruby-2.2.0
-----> Installing gsl
-----> Installing dependencies using 1.5.2
       Running: bundle install --without development:test --path vendor/bundle --binstubs vendor/bundle/bin -j4 --deployment
       Fetching source index from https://rubygems.org/
       Fetching https://ccd14907bc3e94a7f9e2366ad113d7c89b88eeb2:x-oauth-basic@github.com/rvizza/rb-gsl.git
       Fetching git://github.com/bearded-nemesis/heroku-rglpk.git
       Fetching https://ccd14907bc3e94a7f9e2366ad113d7c89b88eeb2:x-oauth-basic@github.com/rvizza/joule.git
       Fetching https://ccd14907bc3e94a7f9e2366ad113d7c89b88eeb2:x-oauth-basic@github.com/rvizza/ride_parser.git
       Fetching https://ccd14907bc3e94a7f9e2366ad113d7c89b88eeb2:x-oauth-basic@github.com/rvizza/top_efforts.git
       Fetching https://ccd14907bc3e94a7f9e2366ad113d7c89b88eeb2:x-oauth-basic@github.com/rvizza/RubyPeaks.git
       Using rake (10.4.2)
       Installing CFPropertyList (2.3.0)
       Installing i18n (0.7.0)
       Installing thread_safe (0.3.5)
       Installing minitest (5.5.1)
       Installing builder (3.2.2)
       Installing mini_portile (0.6.2)
       Installing mime-types (1.25.1)
       Installing erubis (2.7.0)
       Installing arel (6.0.0)
       Installing encryptor (1.3.0)
       Installing rack (1.6.0)
       Installing execjs (2.3.0)
       Installing cancancan (1.10.1)
       Installing sass (3.4.13)
       Installing coffee-script-source (1.9.1)
       Installing thor (0.19.1)
       Installing daemons (1.1.9)
       Installing orm_adapter (0.5.0)
       Installing excon (0.44.4)
       Installing fastercsv (1.5.5)
       Installing formatador (0.2.5)
       Installing net-ssh (2.9.2)
       Installing multi_json (1.11.0)
       Installing bcrypt (3.1.10)
       Installing inflecto (0.0.2)
       Installing ipaddress (0.8.0)
       Installing json (1.8.2)
       Installing hike (1.2.3)
       Installing multi_xml (0.5.5)
       Installing systemu (2.6.4)
       Installing netrc (0.10.3)
       Installing narray (0.6.1.1)
       Installing nori (2.4.0)
       Using heroku-rglpk (0.2.1) from git://github.com/bearded-nemesis/heroku-rglpk.git (at master)
       Using bundler (1.5.2)
       Installing newrelic_rpm (3.10.0.279)
       Installing rails_serve_static_assets (0.0.4)
       Installing rails_stdout_logging (0.0.3)
       Installing tilt (1.4.1)
       Installing rolify (4.0.0)
       Installing eventmachine (1.0.5)
       Installing session (3.2.0)
       Using ride_parser (0.0.2) from https://ccd14907bc3e94a7f9e2366ad113d7c89b88eeb2:x-oauth-basic@github.com/rvizza/ride_parser.git (at master)
       Using trainingpeaks (0.0.0) from https://ccd14907bc3e94a7f9e2366ad113d7c89b88eeb2:x-oauth-basic@github.com/rvizza/RubyPeaks.git (at master)
       Using top_efforts (0.0.2) from https://ccd14907bc3e94a7f9e2366ad113d7c89b88eeb2:x-oauth-basic@github.com/rvizza/top_efforts.git (at master)
       Installing unf_ext (0.0.6)
       Installing switch_user (0.9.5)
       Installing will_paginate (3.0.7)
       Installing gyoku (1.2.2)
       Installing fission (0.5.0)
       Installing mail (2.6.3)
       Installing attr_encrypted (1.3.3)
       Installing pg (0.18.1)
       Installing rack-test (0.6.3)
       Installing httpi (2.3.0)
       Installing coffee-script (2.3.0)
       Installing figaro (1.1.0)
       Installing warden (1.2.3)
       Installing net-scp (1.2.1)
       Installing heroku-api (0.3.18)
       Installing tzinfo (1.2.2)
       Installing autoprefixer-rails (5.1.7)
       Installing macaddr (1.7.1)
       Installing fog-json (1.0.0)
       Installing rest-client (1.7.3)
       Installing rails_12factor (0.0.3)
       Installing sprockets (2.12.3)
       Installing thin (1.5.1)
       Installing rush (0.6.8)
       Installing unf (0.1.4)
       Installing will_paginate-bootstrap (1.0.1)
       Installing fog-core (1.29.0)
       Installing activesupport (4.2.1)
       Installing tzinfo-data (1.2015.1)
       Installing bootstrap-sass (3.3.3)
       Installing uuid (2.3.7)
       Installing stripe (1.20.1)
       Installing fog-brightbox (0.7.1)
       Installing fog-sakuracloud (1.0.0)
       Installing fog-serverlove (0.1.1)
       Installing fog-softlayer (0.4.1)
       Installing fog-storm_on_demand (0.1.0)
       Installing nokogiri (1.6.6.2)
       Installing fog-vmfusion (0.0.1)
       Installing rails-deprecated_sanitizer (1.0.3)
       Installing globalid (0.3.3)
       Installing activemodel (4.2.1)
       Installing delayed_job (4.0.6)
       Installing stripe_event (1.5.0)
       Installing loofah (2.0.1)
       Installing akami (1.2.2)
       Installing fog-xml (0.1.1)
       Using joule (1.0.4) from https://ccd14907bc3e94a7f9e2366ad113d7c89b88eeb2:x-oauth-basic@github.com/rvizza/joule.git (at master)
       Installing httparty (0.13.3)
       Installing rails-dom-testing (1.0.6)
       Installing wasabi (3.3.0)
       Installing carrierwave (0.10.0)
       Installing activerecord (4.2.1)
       Installing rails-html-sanitizer (1.0.2)
       Installing fog-atmos (0.1.0)
       Installing fog-ecloud (0.0.2)
       Installing fog-profitbricks (0.0.1)
       Installing fog-radosgw (0.0.3)
       Installing fog-aws (0.1.1)
       Installing fog-riakcs (0.1.0)
       Installing fog-terremark (0.0.4)
       Installing fog-voxel (0.0.2)
       Installing savon (2.8.1)
       Installing delayed_job_active_record (4.0.3)
       Installing actionview (4.2.1)
       Installing strava-api-v3 (0.1.0)
       Installing actionpack (4.2.1)
       Installing railties (4.2.1)
       Installing sprockets-rails (2.2.4)
       Installing simple_form (3.1.0.rc2)
       Installing coffee-rails (4.1.0)
       Installing responders (2.1.0)
       Installing jquery-fileupload-rails (0.4.4)
       Installing fog (1.28.0)
       Installing jquery-rails (4.0.3)
       Installing devise (3.4.1)
       Using gsl (1.14.7) from https://ccd14907bc3e94a7f9e2366ad113d7c89b88eeb2:x-oauth-basic@github.com/rvizza/rb-gsl.git (at master)
       Installing activejob (4.2.1)
       Installing actionmailer (4.2.1)
       Installing rails (4.2.1)
       Installing workless (1.2.3)
       Installing spinjs-rails (1.4)
       Your bundle is complete!
       Gems in the groups development and test were not installed.
       It was installed into ./vendor/bundle
       Post-install message from httparty:
       When you HTTParty, you must party hard!
       Bundle completed (465.41s)
       Cleaning up the bundler cache.
       Removing  (extensions)
-----> Writing config/database.yml to read from DATABASE_URL
-----> Preparing app for Rails asset pipeline
       Running: rake assets:precompile
       rake aborted!
       ArgumentError: Missing required arguments: aws_access_key_id, aws_secret_access_key
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/fog-core-1.29.0/lib/fog/core/service.rb:244:in `validate_options'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/fog-core-1.29.0/lib/fog/core/service.rb:268:in `handle_settings'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/fog-core-1.29.0/lib/fog/core/service.rb:98:in `new'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/fog-core-1.29.0/lib/fog/storage.rb:25:in `new'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/carrierwave-0.10.0/lib/carrierwave/uploader/configuration.rb:83:in `eager_load_fog'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/carrierwave-0.10.0/lib/carrierwave/uploader/configuration.rb:96:in `fog_credentials='
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/config/initializers/carrierwave.rb:2:in `block in <top (required)>'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/carrierwave-0.10.0/lib/carrierwave/uploader/configuration.rb:118:in `configure'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/carrierwave-0.10.0/lib/carrierwave.rb:14:in `configure'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/config/initializers/carrierwave.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `block in load'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:652:in `block in load_config_initializer'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.1/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:651:in `load_config_initializer'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:616:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Engine>'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:615:in `each'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:615:in `block in <class:Engine>'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `block in run_initializers'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:44:in `each'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:44:in `tsort_each_child'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `run_initializers'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/application.rb:352:in `initialize!'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/railtie.rb:194:in `public_send'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/railtie.rb:194:in `method_missing'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `block in require'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/application.rb:328:in `require_environment!'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.1/lib/rails/application.rb:457:in `block in run_tasks_blocks'
       /tmp/build_b9f857cd429cef497f20b494b19ece85/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.2.0/gems/sprockets-rails-2.2.4/lib/sprockets/rails/task.rb:64:in `block (2 levels) in define'
       Tasks: TOP => environment
       (See full trace by running task with --trace)
 !
 !     Precompiling assets failed.
 !

 !     Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app

To git@heroku.com:vupgrade.git
 ! [remote rejected] upgrade -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'git@heroku.com:vupgrade.git'

知道为什么 fog 看不到环境变量吗？

更新

忘了说我有一个 config/initializers/carrierwave.rb 文件如下:

CarrierWave.configure do |config|
  config.fog_credentials = {
    :provider              => 'AWS',
    :aws_access_key_id     => ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'],
    :aws_secret_access_key => ENV['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'],
    :region                => ENV['AWS_REGION']
  }

  if Rails.env.production? || Rails.env.staging?
    config.storage = :fog
  else
    config.storage = :file
    config.enable_processing = false
    config.root = "#{Rails.root}/tmp"
  end

  config.cache_dir = "#{Rails.root}/tmp/uploads"
  config.fog_directory = ENV['AWS_BUCKET_NAME']
end

谢谢，罗伯特

Answer 1

首先，请注意我使用的是自定义构建包，这可能是其中一些问题的原因。第一次遇到上面的问题时，我不认为这是相关的，但我研究得越多，我就越认为它是相关的......主要是因为我无法想象其他人已经通过同样的问题解决了这些问题我在下面概述了笨拙的修复。有了这个警告，答案...

从 Rails 4 中删除 config.assets.initialize_on_precompile = false 后，所有初始化程序显然都在预编译期间运行。如果它们包含 ENV 引用，那么您就会遇到问题，因为在 Heroku Assets 预编译期间这些 ENV 值不存在。此外，在预编译期间，Devise 将尝试连接到数据库，该数据库也将不可用。

我选择通过有条件地运行包含 ENV 引用的初始化程序来解决这些问题，如下所示:

unless ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'].blank?
  CarrierWave.configure do |config|
    config.fog_credentials = {
    ....
    }
  end
end

虽然我对这个想法并不着迷，但我还决定在本地预编译我的 Assets 并将它们提交给源代码控制。这似乎可以防止 Heroku 在服务器上预编译 Assets ，从而解决问题。

感谢@geemus 和@joao 的帮助。