python - """TypeError: only length-1 arrays can be converted to Python scalars"""尝试在具有 7 段显示的 Pi3 上运行计数器时

Question

我目前正在为带有七段显示器的 RPi-3 开发一个简单的计数程序。我有两种从一数到十的方法，一种是手动的，总是点亮我需要的单个段，另一种是基于 numpy 矩阵的方法。

手动方式工作正常，但我在使用矩阵方式时遇到问题。下面是带有一些解释的代码以供理解:

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
import numpy

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)

GPIO.setup(31, GPIO.OUT)  #up right
GPIO.setup(32, GPIO.OUT)  #up
GPIO.setup(33, GPIO.OUT)  #up left
GPIO.setup(35, GPIO.OUT)  #middle
GPIO.setup(36, GPIO.OUT)  #down right
GPIO.setup(37, GPIO.OUT)  #down left
GPIO.setup(38, GPIO.OUT)  #decimal point(in the bottom right corner)
GPIO.setup(40, GPIO.OUT)  #down

def all_off():                 #turns all segments off, works as well!
    GPIO.output(31, False)
    GPIO.output(32, False)
    GPIO.output(33, False)
    GPIO.output(35, False)
    GPIO.output(36, False)
    GPIO.output(37, False)
    GPIO.output(38, False)
    GPIO.output(40, False)

matrix = numpy.matrix([[1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0],  #those are the combinations
                      [1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1],   #from one to nine and finishing
                      [1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1],   #with zero
                      [1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0],   #first number of a line is value for Pin31 then 32,
                      [0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1],   #33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40
                      [0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1],
                      [1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0],   #combinations are correct, btw!
                      [1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1],
                      [1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1]])

def set_to(byte):
    all_off()
    GPIO.output(31, int(byte[0]))  #<-- this is the line where the error 
    GPIO.output(32, int(byte[1]))  #occurs
    GPIO.output(33, int(byte[2]))
    GPIO.output(35, int(byte[3]))
    GPIO.output(36, int(byte[4]))
    GPIO.output(37, int(byte[5]))
    GPIO.output(38, int(byte[6]))
    GPIO.output(40, int(byte[7]))

for line in matrix:      #the actual counting program
    set_to(matrix[line])
    time.sleep(1)

GPIO.cleanup()

问题显然是数组无法读取？我不明白问题是什么或者如何解决这个问题。它似乎与矩阵的“线”有关，它只是另一个矩阵(只有一条线)。

我真的不知道该怎么办，请帮忙!!

Answer 1

我改变了我的策略，现在使用 numpy 数组。现在我有了一个工作代码:

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
import numpy

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setwarnings(False)

GPIO.setup(31, GPIO.OUT)  
GPIO.setup(32, GPIO.OUT)  
GPIO.setup(33, GPIO.OUT)  
GPIO.setup(35, GPIO.OUT)  
GPIO.setup(36, GPIO.OUT)  
GPIO.setup(37, GPIO.OUT)  
GPIO.setup(38, GPIO.OUT)  
GPIO.setup(40, GPIO.OUT)  

pinlist = [(31, 0), (32, 1) ,(33, 2) ,(35, 3) ,(36, 4) ,(37, 5) ,(38, 6), (40, 7)]

def all_off():
    GPIO.output(31, False)
    GPIO.output(32, False)
    GPIO.output(33, False)
    GPIO.output(35, False)
    GPIO.output(36, False)
    GPIO.output(37, False)
    GPIO.output(38, False)
    GPIO.output(40, False)

matrix = numpy.array([[1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0],
                      [1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1],
                      [1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1],
                      [1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0],
                      [0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1],
                      [0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1],
                      [1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0],
                      [1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1],
                      [1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1]])

for i in range(0, 9):
    all_off()
    for (pin, j) in pinlist:
        GPIO.output(pin, int(matrix[i][j]))
    time.sleep(0.25)

GPIO.cleanup()

其工作原理如下:

我创建了所有 Pin 图及其编号的列表(打包在一个元组中)。这些元组由大 for 循环内部的 for 循环读取。现在我引用数组内单个点的“坐标”。这意味着，它有点慢(你可以看到单个片段的弹出)，但幸运的是我不必关心!

尽管如此，还是非常感谢您的支持!