python - 异常值 : HTTP Error 400: Bad Request after a Python/urllib2 request to PayPal Sandbox Site

Question

我正在尝试将 PayPal REST API 集成到我的网站中。作为第一步，我尝试将 cURL 命令转换为 Python，但我收到了一个Exception Value: HTTP Error 400。

我使用的代码(基于 https://stackoverflow.com/a/2003832/2675537 ):

def basic_authorization(user, password):
    s = user + ":" + password
    return "Basic " + s.encode("base64").rstrip()

req = urllib2.Request("https://api.sandbox.paypal.com/v1/oauth2/token",
              headers = {
   "Authorization": basic_authorization("EBWKjlELKMYqRNQ6sYvFo64FtaRLRR5BdHEESmha49TM", "EO422dn3gQLgDbuwqTjzrFgFtaRLRR5BdHEESmha49TM"),
 "Accept": "application/json",
    "Accept": "*/*",   
    "User-Agent": "my-python-app/1", 
    },
                  data = '{"message":{"body":' + 'grant_type=client_credentials' + '}}' )

f = urllib2.urlopen(req)
return HttpResponse(f)

这相当于(我猜):

curl https://api.sandbox.paypal.com/v1/oauth2/token \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-u "EBWKjlELKMYqRNQ6sYvFo64FtaRLRR5BdHEESmha49TM:EO422dn3gQLgDbuwqTjzrFgFtaRLRR5BdHEESmha49TM" \
-d "grant_type=client_credentials" 

追溯在这里:(编辑:断开的链接)

According to PayPal我应该得到这样的回应:

{"scope":"https://api.paypal.com/v1/payments/.* https://api.paypal.com/v1/vault/credit-card https://api.paypal.com/v1/vault/credit-card/.* https://api.paypal.com/v1/developer/.*","access_token":"OABI8rm75u.5EIuK7.JrI2sLhnv3rhDgLElKAwTfyys","token_type":"Bearer","app_id":"APP-2EJ531395M785864S","expires_in":28800}

我的代码有错误吗？有更好的方法吗？

Answer 1

首先，我建议您不要在代码示例中以明文形式发布 key 。

您收到“HTTP 错误 400:错误请求”的错误是由于格式错误的请求。

根据文档，请求的格式是:

urllib2.Request(url[, data][, headers][, origin_req_host][, unverifiable])

data may be a string specifying additional data to send to the server, or None if no such data is needed.

headers should be a dictionary, and will be treated as if add_header() was called with each key and value as arguments.

所以你的数据字段传递的是字典而不是字符串，这样会更易读如果您将字段分隔在 Request 类之外。当你有多个标题时要填写的字段，我发现使用 add_header 方法更好，如下所示。

import urllib, urllib2


def basic_authorization(user, password):
    s = user + ":" + password
    return "Basic " + s.encode("base64").rstrip()

url = "https://api.sandbox.paypal.com/v1/oauth2/token"
params = { "grant_type": client_credentials}
data = urllib.urlencode(params)

req = urllib2.Request(url, data)
req.add_header("Authorization",basic_authorization("XXX"))
req.add_header("Accept", "application/json")
req.add_header("User-Agent", "my-python-app/1")

response = urllib2.urlopen(req)