python - 如何在极坐标半圆管内用直角坐标画曲线？

Question

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pylab as plt

def tube():
    theta = np.linspace(0, np.pi/2, 30)

    x = np.cos(theta)
    y = np.sin(theta)
    z = x*0.8
    w = y*0.8

    plt.plot(z,w)
    plt.plot(x,y)
    plt.axis("equal")
    plt.show()

print plt.figure(1);tube()

def euler():
    A, B, a = 40, 10, 2

    t  = 10  # time
    dt = 1e-3 # interval

    nbpt = int(t/dt)

    n = 1
    s = 1. # sign of the derivative, initially chosen
    y = [0]*nbpt # result

    while n < nbpt:
        yp2 = B - A*y[n-1]**a
        if yp2 < 0:
            s = -s
            n -= 1 # recalculating the previous value
        else:
            y[n] = y[n-1] + dt*s*np.sqrt(yp2)
            n += 1

    plt.plot(np.linspace(0,t,nbpt),y)
    plt.show()

print plt.figure(2);euler()

我想在用tube()制作的 pipe 中绘制用euler()制作的曲线。我想我必须从笛卡尔坐标转到极坐标，但是有没有办法用 Python 使这个过程更容易？

Answer 1

有很多方法可以做到这一点，因为这个问题并没有完全确定您正在寻找什么转换。但是，假设只要生成的曲线在管的边界线之间振荡，任何变换都会进行，您可以使用:

def polarmap(x, y):
    # normalize x and y from 0 to 1
    x = (x-x.min())/(x.max()-x.min())
    y = (y-y.min())/(y.max()-y.min())

    # make theta go from 0 to pi/2
    theta = np.pi*x/2

    # make r go from 0.8 to 1.0 (the min and max tube radius)
    r = 0.2*y + 0.8

    # convert polar to cartesian
    x = r*np.cos(theta)
    y = r*np.sin(theta)
    plt.plot(x, y)

<小时/>

例如，

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pylab as plt


def tube():
    theta = np.linspace(0, np.pi/2, 30)

    x = np.cos(theta)
    y = np.sin(theta)
    z = x*0.8
    w = y*0.8

    plt.plot(z,w)
    plt.plot(x,y)

def euler():
    A, B, a = 40, 10, 2

    t  = 10  # time
    dt = 1e-3 # interval

    nbpt = int(t/dt)

    n = 1
    s = 1. # sign of the derivative, initially chosen
    y = [0]*nbpt # result

    while n < nbpt:
        yp2 = B - A*y[n-1]**a
        if yp2 < 0:
            s = -s
            n -= 1 # recalculating the previous value
        else:
            y[n] = y[n-1] + dt*s*np.sqrt(yp2)
            n += 1

    x = np.linspace(0,t,nbpt)
    y = np.array(y)
    return x, y

def polarmap(x, y):
    # normalize x and y from 0 to 1
    x = (x-x.min())/(x.max()-x.min())
    y = (y-y.min())/(y.max()-y.min())

    # make theta go from 0 to pi/2
    theta = np.pi*x/2

    # make r go from 0.8 to 1.0 (the min and max tube radius)
    r = 0.2*y + 0.8

    # convert polar to cartesian
    x = r*np.cos(theta)
    y = r*np.sin(theta)
    plt.plot(x, y)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
tube()
x, y = euler()
polarmap(x, y)
plt.axis("equal")
plt.show()

产生

<小时/>

请注意，在 polarmap 中，第一步是标准化 x 和 y，因此它们的范围都在 0 到 1 之间。您可以将它们视为相等的参数立足点。如果您在将两个参数传递给 polarmap 之前交换这两个参数，例如:

x, y = euler()
x, y = y, x    # swap x and y
polarmap(x, y)

然后你就得到了