c# - 仅在 Win8 下 Storyboard中的内存泄漏？

Question

我做了一个应用程序，里面有一个幻灯片。我在 5 台电脑上运行这个应用程序。 3 个 Win7 和 2 个 Win8(都是 x64，我的应用程序是 x86)。在 Win7-PC 上我没有问题。在 Win8 下，我收到(在不可预测的时间后)一些错误消息。OutOfMemory 异常和 UCEERR_RENDERTHREADFAILURE (HRESULT: 0x88980406)。微软是这样说的:

6. If System.OutOfMemoryExceptions are being reported, then monitor the process's memory usage in Performance Monitor; particularly the Process\Virtual Bytes, Process\Private Bytes, and .NET CLR Memory# Bytes in All Heaps counters. Also monitor the User Objects and GDI Objects for the process in Windows Task Manager. If you can determine that a specific resource is being exhausted, then troubleshoot the application to fix whatever is causing that resource consumption. Ultimately that should resolve the System.OutOfMemoryException.

我不能等 1 到 5 天只监视系统并等待错误发生。但也许你们中有人可以看到我的代码中的错误？

这是我的 XAML 代码:

    <Window.Resources>
    <Style x:Key="ImgZIndexStyle" TargetType="{x:Type Image}">
        <Setter Property="Panel.ZIndex" Value="2"/>
        <Style.Triggers>
            <Trigger Property="Image.Opacity" Value="1">
                <Setter Property="Panel.ZIndex" Value="3"/>
            </Trigger>
        </Style.Triggers>
    </Style>
    <Storyboard x:Key="FaderStoryboardHide1Show2">
        <DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FirstImage" 
         Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
         To="0" Duration="0:00:01" />
        <DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="SecondImage" 
         Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
         To="1" Duration="0:00:01" />
    </Storyboard>
    <Storyboard x:Key="FaderStoryboardHide2Show1">
        <DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="SecondImage" 
         Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
         To="0" Duration="0:00:01" />
        <DoubleAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FirstImage" 
         Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
         To="1" Duration="0:00:01" />
    </Storyboard>
</Window.Resources>
<Grid>
    <Grid Name="SlideShowGrid" ZIndex="0">
        <Button Name="SlideShowButton" Click="SlideShowButton_OnClick">
            <Grid>
                <Image x:Name="FirstImage" Stretch="UniformToFill" Style="{StaticResource ImgZIndexStyle}" Opacity="1" />
                <Image x:Name="SecondImage" Stretch="UniformToFill" Style="{StaticResource ImgZIndexStyle}" Opacity="0" />
            </Grid>
        </Button>
    </Grid>
</Grid>

还有我的类(class):

private void SlideShowTimer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    Image newImage;
    Storyboard tempStoryboard;
    if (FirstImage.Opacity == 1)
    {
        tempStoryboard = (Storyboard)FindResource("FaderStoryboardHide1Show2");
        newImage = SecondImage;
    }
    else
    {
        tempStoryboard = (Storyboard)FindResource("FaderStoryboardHide2Show1");
        newImage = FirstImage;
    }
    if (_imageCounter >= _fileList.Count - 1)
        _imageCounter = 0;
    else
        _imageCounter++;
    newImage.Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri(_fileList[_imageCounter]));
    tempStoryboard.Begin();
}

Answer 1

垃圾收集器使用启发式算法来优化某些操作。因此，您不能指望不同 PC 上的内存问题会出现一致的行为。

不要让您的一次性元素未经处置就超出范围。在创建新实例之前，您应该处理现有图像。

if (newImage != null)
    newImage.Dispose();

newImage.Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri(_fileList[_imageCounter]));

编辑

Bitmap 类是Image 类的实现。 Image 类是一个抽象类。因此，使用一次性的 Bitmap 而不是 Image。

Bitmap newImage;
....
mewImage.Dispose();