python - 如何循环不同的颜色并将它们分配给已经绘制的对象？

Question

我的任务是使用 Python 绘制拼凑图案。我需要从用户那里得到宽度和高度，两者都必须大于 3 但小于 10，并且有 4 种颜色，不能相同。我已经为罚款编写了代码。但我需要绘制两种不同类型的图案。一个图案沿着边缘，只有 1 个补丁深，第二个图案填充中心方 block 。现在，我用来绘制它的代码是沿着顶部、底部和每一侧重复第一个补丁，然后在整个中间重复第二个图案。但现在我必须为每个不同的单独补丁分配一种颜色，循环使用给定的颜色，以便它从第一个开始，循环遍历所有颜色，然后再次从第一个开始。

我的问题是，我不知道如何循环显示颜色，因为顺序会逐行不同。有没有一种有效的方法可以用我到目前为止所写的来做到这一点，即。绘制一个单独的补丁并在线条上重复它，如果是这样，最好的方法是什么？

from graphics import *

def main():
    width, height = getDimensions()
    colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4 = getColours()
    win = drawGraphWin(width, height)
    drawPattern(win, width, height, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)

def getDimensions():
    width = input("How many patches, between 4 and 9, would you like \
                    horizontally? :")
    while True:
        try:
            width = int(width)
            break
        except ValueError:
            width = input("How many patches, between 4 and 9, would you like \
                            horizontally? :")
    while width < 4 or width > 9:
        width = eval(input("How many patches, between 4 and 9, would you like \
                            horizontally? :"))
    height = input("How many patches, between 4 and 9, would you like \
                    vertically? :")
    while True:
        try:
            height = int(height)
            break
        except ValueError:
            height = input("How many patches, between 4 and 9, would you like \
                            vertically? :")
    while height < 4 or height > 9:
        height = eval(input("How many patches, between 4 and 9, would you like \
                            vertically? :"))
    return width, height

def getColours():
    colour1 = input("Please enter a colour \
                    (red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
    while valid1(colour1) == False:
        colour1 = input("Please enter a colour \
                        (red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
    colour2 = input("Please enter a second colour \
                    (red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
    while valid2(colour1, colour2) == False:
        colour2 = input("Please enter a second colour \
                        (red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
    colour3 = input("Please enter third a colour \
                        (red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
    while valid3(colour1, colour2, colour3) == False:
        colour3 = input("Please enter third a colour \
                        (red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
    colour4 = input("Please enter a fourth colour \
                    (red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
    while valid4(colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4) == False:
        colour4 = input("Please enter a fourth colour \
                        (red, green, blue, yellow, magenta, orange, cyan): ")
    return colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4

def valid1(colour1):
    if any( [colour1 == "red", colour1 == "green", colour1 == "blue", \
             colour1 == "yellow", colour1 == "magenta", colour1 == "orange", \
             colour1 == "cyan"]):
        return True
    else:
        return False

def valid2(colour1, colour2):
    if any( [colour2 == "red", colour2 == "green", colour2 == "blue", \
             colour2 == "yellow", colour2 == "magenta", colour2 == "orange", \
             colour2 == "cyan"]):
        if colour2 == colour1:
            return False
        else:
            return True
    else:
        return False

def valid3(colour1, colour2, colour3):
    if any( [colour3 == "red", colour3 == "green", colour3 == "blue", \
             colour3 == "yellow", colour3 == "magenta", colour3 == "orange", \
             colour3 == "cyan"]):
        if any( [colour3 == colour2, colour3 == colour1]):
            return False
        else:
            return True
    else:
        return False

def valid4(colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4):
    if any( [colour4 == "red", colour4 == "green", colour4 == "blue", \
             colour4 == "yellow", colour4 == "magenta", colour4 == "orange", \
             colour4 == "cyan"]):
        if any( [colour4 == colour3, colour4 == colour2, colour4 == colour1]):
            return False
        else:
            return True
    else:
        return False

def drawGraphWin(width, height):
    win = GraphWin("CW PatchWork Deisgn", width*100, height*100)
    win.setCoords(0.0,0.0,4*width,3*height)
    for i in range(width):
        vLineN = Line(Point(i*4, 0), Point(i*4, height*3))
        vLineN.draw(win)
    for j in range(height):
        hLineN = Line(Point(0, j*3), Point(width*4, j*3))
        hLineN.draw(win)
    return win

def drawPattern(win, width, height, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4):
    for widthNo in range(width):
        drawPatch1(win, widthNo, 0, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
    for widthNo in range(width):
        drawPatch1(win, widthNo, height-1, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
    for heightNo in range(height-2):
        drawPatch1(win, 0, heightNo+1, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
    for heightNo in range(height-2):
        drawPatch1(win, width-1, heightNo+1, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
    for innerNoH in range(width-2):
        innerWidth = innerNoH +1
    for innerNoV in range(height-2):
        innerHeight = height - 2 - innerNoV
            drawPatch2(win, innerWidth, innerHeight, colour1, colour2, colour3,\
                        colour4)
    win.getMouse()
    win.close()

def drawPatch1(win, widthNo, height, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4):
    for i in range(6):
        vLineN = Line(Point((0.8*(i))+widthNo*4, 0+height*3), \
                      Point((0.8*(i))+widthNo*4, 3+height*3))
        vLineN.draw(win)
        hLineN = Line(Point(0+widthNo*4, (0.6*(i))+height*3), \
                      Point(4+widthNo*4, (0.6*(i))+height*3))
        hLineN.draw(win)
        if i == 0:
            for j in range(5):
                hiMessage = drawHiMessage(0.4+widthNo*4, (0.3+(j*0.6))+height*3,\
                                        win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
                hiMessage.setFill(colour1)
                vLineN.setFill(colour1)
                hLineN.setFill(colour1)
        elif i == 1:
            for k in range(5):
                hiMessage = drawHiMessage(1.2+widthNo*4, (0.3+(k*0.6))+height*3,\
                                        win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
                hiMessage.setFill(colour2)
                vLineN.setFill(colour2)
                hLineN.setFill(colour2)
        elif i == 2:
            for l in range(5):
                hiMessage = drawHiMessage(2+widthNo*4, (0.3+(l*0.6))+height*3, \
                                        win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
                hiMessage.setFill(colour3)
                vLineN.setFill(colour3)
                hLineN.setFill(colour3)
        elif i == 3:
            for m in range(5):
                hiMessage = drawHiMessage(2.8+widthNo*4, (0.3+(m*0.6))+height*3,\
                                        win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
                hiMessage.setFill(colour4)
                vLineN.setFill(colour4)
                hLineN.setFill(colour4)
        elif i == 4:
            for n in range(5):
                hiMessage = drawHiMessage(3.6+widthNo*4, (0.3+(n*0.6))+height*3,\
                                        win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
                hiMessage.setFill(colour1)
                vLineN.setFill(colour1)
                hLineN.setFill(colour1)

def drawHiMessage(x, y, win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4):
    hiMessage = Text(Point(x, y), "hi!")
    hiMessage.draw(win)
    hiMessage.setSize(7)
    return hiMessage

def drawPatch2(win, innerNoH, height, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4):
    for i in range(4):
        x = (0.5+i)+innerNoH*4
        for j in range(3):
            y = (2.2-j)+height*3
            sail = drawBoat(x, y, win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4)
            if i == 0:
                sail.setFill(colour1)
            elif i == 1:
                sail.setFill(colour2)
            elif i ==2:
                sail.setFill(colour3)
            elif i == 3:
                sail.setFill(colour4)

def drawBoat(x, y, win, colour1, colour2, colour3, colour4):
    sail = Polygon(Point(x-0.5,y), Point(x,y+0.8), Point(x+0.5,y))
    hull = Polygon(Point(x-0.5,y-0.1), Point(x+0.5,y-0.1), Point(x+0.3,y-0.2), \
                   Point(x-0.3,y-0.2))
    mast = Line(Point(x,y), Point(x,y-0.1))
    sail.draw(win)
    hull.draw(win)
    mast.draw(win)
    hull.setFill("white")
    return sail

main()

Answer 1

您可以使用 itertools.cycle反复检查所有颜色。因此，假设您将所有补丁都放在一个名为 patches 的列表中，您可以执行如下操作

import itertools
colors = ['red','blue','green','yellow']
patches = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j']

for patch, color in itertools.izip(patches, itertools.cycle(colors)):
    # color a patch
    print 'Colour', patch, 'as', color 

打印出来

Colour a as red
Colour b as blue
Colour c as green
Colour d as yellow
Colour e as red
Colour f as blue
Colour g as green
Colour h as yellow
Colour i as red
Colour j as blue