python - ModuleNotFoundError - 尝试启动服务时没有名为 'main' 的模块

Question

上下文:

• 我使用 Python 3.7 创建了一个 Django 应用程序。
• 我正在(尝试)使用第二代 Google App Engine 标准环境。

当我通过 python manage.py runserver 运行我的应用程序时，它可以完美运行。然而，当我尝试将其部署到 Google App Engine 时，它​​突然停止了。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmphgUsp3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 583, in spawn_worker
    worker.init_process()
  File "/tmp/tmphgUsp3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 129, in init_process
    self.load_wsgi()
  File "/tmp/tmphgUsp3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 138, in load_wsgi
    self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
  File "/tmp/tmphgUsp3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
    self.callable = self.load()
  File "/tmp/tmphgUsp3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load
    return self.load_wsgiapp()
  File "/tmp/tmphgUsp3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 41, in load_wsgiapp
    return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
  File "/tmp/tmphgUsp3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 350, in import_app
    __import__(module)
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'main'

我已经遍历了很多线程，但我找不到问题所在。 (引用 dev_appserver.py 模拟器产生同样的问题，这是一件好事)。

以下是我的app.yaml

runtime: python37
env: standard

handlers:
- url: /static
  static_dir: static/
- url: .*
  script: demosite.wsgi.main

我的 wsgi.py 文件位于以下路径:demosite/wsgi.py 其内容如下所示:

import os

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'demosite.settings')

main = get_wsgi_application()

我的settings.py 文件:

import os

class AppSettings(object):
    GoogleCloudProject = os.getenv('GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT')

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

SECRET_KEY = 'say what?'

DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = [
    '*'
]


INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'anchor.apps.AnchorConfig',
    'crispy_forms',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'demosite.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'demosite.wsgi.main'

try:
    import MySQLdb
except ImportError:
    import pymysql
    pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()


if os.getenv('SERVER_SOFTWARE', '').startswith('Google App Engine'):
    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'NAME': 'webapp',
            'USER': 'aasdeytst',
            'PASSWORD': 'asdasygetasfasdfasd.',
            'HOST': 'asdgiuasfivaasd',
            'PORT': '3306'
        }
    }
else:
    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
            'NAME': 'webapp',
            'USER': 'awthdsfhfdhdf',
            'PASSWORD': 'asdasdasdagwdatwt',
            'HOST': 'localhost',
            'PORT': '3306'
        }
    }

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

ANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

STATIC_ROOT = 'static'
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK = 'bootstrap4'

LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = 'index'
LOGIN_URL = 'login'

SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = False
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 1800

我错过了什么，我做错了什么？我花了将近 4 个小时试图解决这个问题，但无济于事。

Answer 1

默认情况下，App Engine 在名为 main.py 的文件中查找 app 变量。您有两个选择:将您的 WSGI 应用程序放在 App Engine 期望的位置，或者定义一个自定义入口点:

将您的 WSGI 应用放在 App Engine 期望的位置:

您可以创建一个名为 main.py 的文件，其中包含一个 app 变量，该变量只是从正确的位置导入并使用别名:

from demosite.wsgi import main as app

添加自定义入口点:

来自 https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/python3/config/appref :

entrypoint: Optional. The command that is executed when your app starts. For your app to receive HTTP requests, entrypoint should contain a command which starts a web server that listens on the port specified by the PORT environment variable. If you do not specify an entrypoint, App Engine will configure and start the Gunicorn webserver.

默认是这样的:

entrypoint: gunicorn -b :$PORT main:app

你需要这样的东西:

entrypoint: gunicorn -b :$PORT demosite.wsgi:main

有关应用程序启动的更多详细信息，请参阅此处:https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/python3/runtime#application_startup