python - 为什么 matplotlib 只需要在主线程中绘制？

Question

我正在尝试实时绘制发电机的输出。

以下代码按预期工作(Ctrl-C 终止执行):

import numpy as np
import pylab as p
from Queue import Queue
from threading import Thread
import time

def dataGenerator():
    while True:
        yield np.random.random()

def populate():
    f = dataGenerator()
    while True:
        x = f.next(); y = f.next()
        q.put([x,y])

q = Queue()

p.figure(); p.hold(True); p.show(block=False)

populatorThread = Thread(target=populate)
populatorThread.daemon = True
populatorThread.start()

while True:
    data = q.get()
    x = data[0]
    y = data[1]
    p.plot(x,y,'o')
    p.draw()
    q.task_done()

populatorThread.join()

但是，如果我将绘图放在一个线程中，我会得到 RuntimeError: main thread is not in main loop:

import numpy as np
import pylab as p
from Queue import Queue
from threading import Thread
import time

def dataGenerator():
    while True:
        yield np.random.random()

def plotter():
    while True:
        data = q.get()
        x = data[0]
        y = data[1]
        p.plot(x,y,'o')
        p.draw()
        print x,y
        q.task_done()

q = Queue()

p.figure(); p.hold(True); p.show(block=False)

plotThread = Thread(target=plotter)
plotThread.daemon = True
plotThread.start()

f = dataGenerator()
while True:
    x = f.next()
    y = f.next()
    q.put([x,y])

plotThread.join()

为什么 matplotlib 关心哪个线程进行绘图？

编辑:我不是在问如何解决这个问题，而是问为什么首先会发生这种情况。

Answer 1

这可能是您用于后端的 GUI。 GUI 可能希望在主线程中找到自己，但当 matplotlib 调用 get_current_fig_manager().canvas.draw() 时却不是。

例如，当我这样做时，我得到以下回溯:

Exception in thread Thread-1:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 810, in __bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 763, in run
    self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
  File "tmp.py", line 18, in plotter
    p.draw()
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 555, in draw
    get_current_fig_manager().canvas.draw()
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 349, in draw
    tkagg.blit(self._tkphoto, self.renderer._renderer, colormode=2)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/tkagg.py", line 13, in blit
    tk.call("PyAggImagePhoto", photoimage, id(aggimage), colormode, id(bbox_array))
RuntimeError: main thread is not in main loop

注意 tk.call(...) 行。您得到的异常不是从 matplotlib 引发的，而是从 TkInter 引发的。