python - 类型错误 : Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly despite adding . 编码()到字符串

Question

我正在尝试编写一些连接到 IRC channel 并允许用户通过该 channel 聊天的代码。我在连接到服务器的脚本中遇到错误:

TypeError: Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly

错误显然在第 18 行，这是将昵称发送到服务器的代码:

irc.send("USER " + nick.encode() + " " + nick.encode() + " " + nick.encode() + " : Test\n")

源代码:

import sys
import socket

server = "chat.freenode.net"
channel = "#randomchannel123456789"
port = 7070

print("IRC Connecter")
print("-----------------------------")
nick = input("Input Nickname: ")

irc = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
print("connecting to " + server)

irc.connect((server, port))
print("connected")

irc.send("USER " + nick.encode() + " " + nick.encode() + " " + nick.encode() + " : Test\n")
print("sent user")

irc.send ("NICK " + nick + "\n")
print("sent nick")

while 1:
   text = irc.recv(2040)
   print(text)

   if text.find("PING") != -1:
      irc.send("PONG " + text.split() [1] + "\r\n")

我对套接字编程非常陌生，因此我们将不胜感激。

Answer 1

问题在于该行:

"USER " + nick.encode() + " " + nick.encode() + " " + nick.encode() + " : Test\n"

"USER "、"" 和 ": Test\n" 是 str 但 nick.encode 是一个 bytes 对象。异常(exception)情况是告诉您，您不能添加 bytes 和 strs:

>>> b'a' + 'a'
TypeError: can't concat bytes to str

>>> 'a' + b'a'
TypeError: Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly

您可以将字符串文字转换为字节，例如使用字节文字 (b""):

b"USER " + nick.encode() + b" " + nick.encode() + b" " + nick.encode() + b" : Test\n"