C# VS2015 Express : The primary reference . .. 无法解析，因为它间接依赖于 .NET Framework 程序集

Question

我有一个由 C#“MyAssemblyTester”.NET 2.0 exe 引用的 C#“MyAssembly”.NET 2.0 程序集。我正在使用 Visual Studio Express 2015。这两个项目都可以编译并正常工作。

如果我向“MyAssembly”项目添加一个对非常旧的 OCX 的引用(2000 年之前:Teechart Pro Activex 4.0.1.7，但我在使用其他旧的 COM DLL 组件时遇到了同样的问题)并重新编译，“MyAssembly”项目编译和链接正常，但我有很多“MyAssemblyTester”错误，如下所示:

2>------ Rebuild All started: Project: MyAssemblyTester, Configuration: Debug x86 ------
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3258: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly "System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" which has a higher version "4.0.0.0" than the version "2.0.0.0" in the current target framework.
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3258: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly "mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" which has a higher version "4.0.0.0" than the version "2.0.0.0" in the current target framework.
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3258: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly "System.Drawing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" which has a higher version "4.0.0.0" than the version "2.0.0.0" in the current target framework.
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3258: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly "System, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" which has a higher version "4.0.0.0" than the version "2.0.0.0" in the current target framework.
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3258: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly "System.Security, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" which has a higher version "4.0.0.0" than the version "2.0.0.0" in the current target framework.
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3258: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly "System.Xml, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" which has a higher version "4.0.0.0" than the version "2.0.0.0" in the current target framework.
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3268: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the framework assembly "System.Core, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" which could not be resolved in the currently targeted framework. ".NETFramework,Version=v2.0". To resolve this problem, either remove the reference "MyAssembly" or retarget your application to a framework version which contains "System.Core, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089".
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3258: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly "System.Configuration, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" which has a higher version "4.0.0.0" than the version "2.0.0.0" in the current target framework.
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3258: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly "Accessibility, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" which has a higher version "4.0.0.0" than the version "2.0.0.0" in the current target framework.
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3258: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly "System.Deployment, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" which has a higher version "4.0.0.0" than the version "2.0.0.0" in the current target framework.
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3258: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly "System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" which has a higher version "4.0.0.0" than the version "2.0.0.0" in the current target framework.
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3258: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly "System.Data.SqlXml, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" which has a higher version "4.0.0.0" than the version "2.0.0.0" in the current target framework.
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3268: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the framework assembly "System.Numerics, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" which could not be resolved in the currently targeted framework. ".NETFramework,Version=v2.0". To resolve this problem, either remove the reference "MyAssembly" or retarget your application to a framework version which contains "System.Numerics, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089".

如果我将“MyAssembly”和“MyAssemblyTester”的目标框架都更改为 .NET 4.0，问题就解决了。但是，由于向后兼容，我想要一个 .NET 2.0 目标框架。

我认为问题的根源在于 VS2015 生成的 Interop 程序集(AxInterop.TeeChart.dll 和 Interop.TeeChart.dll)面向 .NET 4.0。实际上 AxInterop.TeeChart.dll 的 ILSpy 输出是:

// AxInterop.TeeChart, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null

// Global type: <Module>
// Architecture: AnyCPU (64-bit preferred)
// Runtime: .NET 4.0

using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Windows.Forms;

[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.0")]
[assembly: CompilationRelaxations(8)]
[assembly: RuntimeCompatibility(WrapNonExceptionThrows = true)]
[assembly: AxHost.TypeLibraryTimeStampAttribute("05/13/2009 16:17:54")]

// System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089
// mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089
// Interop.TeeChart, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null
// System.Drawing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a
// System, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089

与Interop.TeeChart.dll类似。

一些详细的构建日志(1> 是 MyAssembly 和 2> MyAssemblyTester):

...
1>Using "ResolveComReference" task from assembly "Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Core, Version=14.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a".
1>Task "ResolveComReference"
1>  Creating new cache file at "obj\x86\Debug\MyAssembly.csproj.ResolveComReference.cache".
1>  Adding a matching tlbimp reference for the aximp reference "AxTeeChart".
1>  Resolving COM reference for item "stdole" with a wrapper "primary".
1>  Determining dependencies of the COM reference "stdole".
1>  Resolved COM reference for item "stdole": "C:\Windows\assembly\GAC\stdole\7.0.3300.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a\stdole.dll".
1>  Resolving COM reference for item "AxTeeChart" with a wrapper "primaryortlbimp".
1>  Determining dependencies of the COM reference "AxTeeChart".
1>  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v10.0A\bin\NETFX 4.6 Tools\TlbImp.exe C:\Windows\SysWOW64\teechart.ocx /namespace:TeeChart /machine:X86 /out:obj\x86\Debug\Interop.TeeChart.dll /sysarray /transform:DispRet /reference:"C:\Program Files (x86)\ABCD\abcdSDK\DLL\x86\abcdsdk.dll" /reference:C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\mscorlib.dll /reference:C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.Data.dll /reference:C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.dll /reference:C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.Drawing.dll /reference:C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.Windows.Forms.dll /reference:C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.Xml.dll /reference:C:\Windows\assembly\GAC\stdole\7.0.3300.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a\stdole.dll 
1>  Microsoft (R) .NET Framework Type Library to Assembly Converter 4.6.81.0
1>  Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
1>  
1>  TlbImp : Type library imported to C:\repSVN\Prod2NCG2\prodmspeqspcp\trunk\src\MyAssembly\obj\x86\Debug\Interop.TeeChart.dll
1>  Resolved COM reference for item "AxTeeChart": "obj\x86\Debug\Interop.TeeChart.dll".
1>  Resolving COM reference for item "AxTeeChart" with a wrapper "aximp".
1>  Determining dependencies of the COM reference "AxTeeChart".
1>  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v10.0A\bin\NETFX 4.6 Tools\AxImp.exe C:\Windows\SysWOW64\teechart.ocx /out:obj\x86\Debug\AxInterop.TeeChart.dll /rcw:obj\x86\Debug\Interop.TeeChart.dll 
1>  Generated Assembly: C:\repSVN\Prod2NCG2\prodmspeqspcp\trunk\src\MyAssembly\obj\x86\Debug\AxInterop.TeeChart.dll
1>  Resolved COM reference for item "AxTeeChart": "obj\x86\Debug\AxInterop.TeeChart.dll".
1>Done executing task "ResolveComReference".
1>Done building target "ResolveComReferences" in project "MyAssembly.csproj".
...
...
...
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3258: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly "System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" which has a higher version "4.0.0.0" than the version "2.0.0.0" in the current target framework.
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3258: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the .NET Framework assembly "mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" which has a higher version "4.0.0.0" than the version "2.0.0.0" in the current target framework.
...
...
...
2>C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\14.0\bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(1820,5): warning MSB3268: The primary reference "MyAssembly" could not be resolved because it has an indirect dependency on the framework assembly "System.Numerics, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" which could not be resolved in the currently targeted framework. ".NETFramework,Version=v2.0". To resolve this problem, either remove the reference "MyAssembly" or retarget your application to a framework version which contains "System.Numerics, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089".
2>  Primary reference "mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089".
2>      Resolved file path is "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\mscorlib.dll".
2>      Reference found at search path location "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\mscorlib.dll".
2>      This reference is not "CopyLocal" because it's a prerequisite file.
2>      The ImageRuntimeVersion for this reference is "v2.0.50727".
2>  Primary reference "System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089".
2>      Resolved file path is "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.dll".
2>      Reference found at search path location "{TargetFrameworkDirectory}".
2>          For SearchPath "{TargetFrameworkDirectory}".
2>          Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.winmd", but it didn't exist.
2>      This reference is not "CopyLocal" because it's a prerequisite file.
2>      The ImageRuntimeVersion for this reference is "v2.0.50727".
2>      Resolved file path is "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.Xml.dll".
...
...
...
2>      Reference found at search path location "{TargetFrameworkDirectory}".
2>          For SearchPath "{TargetFrameworkDirectory}".
2>          Considered "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.Xml.winmd", but it didn't exist.
2>      This reference is not "CopyLocal" because it's a prerequisite file.
2>      The ImageRuntimeVersion for this reference is "v2.0.50727".
2>Done executing task "ResolveAssemblyReference".
....

如何手动更改 Interop 程序集的目标框架？也许我需要更改 AxImp 和 TlbImp 路径或它们的某些选项？

还有其他想法吗？

谢谢

Answer 1

我终于解决了安装“Microsoft Windows SDK for Windows 7 and .NET Framework 3.5 SP1”，然后添加到“Post-build event command line”:

"C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0\Bin\TlbImp.exe" C:\Windows\SysWOW64\teechart.ocx /namespace:TeeChart /machine:X86 /out:$(TargetDir)\Interop.TeeChart.dll /sysarray /transform:DispRet /reference:"C:\Program Files (x86)\ABCD\abcdSDK\DLL\x86\abcdsdk.dll" /reference:C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\mscorlib.dll /reference:C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.Data.dll /reference:C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.dll /reference:C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.Drawing.dll /reference:C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.Windows.Forms.dll /reference:C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\System.Xml.dll /reference:C:\Windows\assembly\GAC\stdole\7.0.3300.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a\stdole.dll
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0\Bin\AxImp.exe" C:\Windows\SysWOW64\teechart.ocx /out:$(TargetDir)\AxInterop.TeeChart.dll /rcw:$(TargetDir)\Interop.TeeChart.dll

(从详细的构建日志中复制命令，将 AxImp 和 TlbImp 的路径更改为 3.5 SDK，并将 Interop 程序集的输出路径从 obj\x86\Debug 更改为 $(TargetDir))。

我想知道是否有更清洁的解决方案。