python - 如何打破多个 while 循环

Question

我正在制作一个程序，它是一个捡棍子的游戏。我对整个事情的逻辑仍然很困惑。我最大的问题是我有多个嵌套的 while 循环并且想要结束所有它们。这是我的代码。

x = 1

while x == 1:
   sticks = int(input('How many sticks are on the tables (10 to 100): '))


   if sticks not in range(10,101):
        print('Invalid.')
        continue
   while x == 1:
        print('There are',sticks,'sticks on the table.')
        print('Player 1')
        p1 = int(input('How many sticks do you want to remove?'))
        if p1 == sticks:
            print('Player one wins.')
            x == 2
            break
        elif p1 not in range(1,4):
            print('Invalid.')
            continue
        else:
            while x == 1:
                sticks -= p1
                print('There are',sticks,'sticks on the table.')
                print('Player 2.')
                p2 = int(input('How many sticks do you want to remove?'))
                if p2 == sticks:
                        print('Player two wins.')
                        x == 2 
                        break

                elif p2 not in range(1,4):
                    print('Invalid.')
                    continue
                else:
                    sticks -= p2

我的输出继续提示玩家 1 和 2 输入。

我希望程序在打印“Player_wins”后结束。任何帮助/提示将不胜感激!或者甚至是一种更简单的编写程序的方法。

Answer 1

我总是发现为多人回合制游戏构建状态机有很大帮助。因为它提供了一种清晰、简单的方法来分解逻辑，并避免在嵌套循环中使用大量 break 和 continue 甚至 goto。

例如，这是一个有 4 个状态的状态机:

对于每个状态，都有一个处理函数，它将根据当前玩家、摇杆和用户输入决定下一步进入哪个状态(甚至是它自己):

def initialize():
    global sticks, state
    n = int(input('How many sticks are on the tables (10 to 100): '))
    if n not in range(10, 101):
        print('Invalid. It should be between 10 ~ 100.')
    else:
        state = 'ask_player1'
        sticks = n


def ask_player1():
    global sticks, state
    print('There are', sticks, 'sticks on the table.')
    print('Player 1')
    n = int(input('How many sticks do you want to remove?'))
    if n not in range(1, 4):
        print('Invalid. It should be between 1 ~ 4')
    else:
        sticks -= n
        if sticks == 0:
            print('Player one wins.')
            state = 'end'
        else:
            state = 'ask_player2'


def ask_player2():
    global sticks, state
    print('There are', sticks, 'sticks on the table.')
    print('Player 2')
    n = int(input('How many sticks do you want to remove?'))
    if n not in range(1, 4):
        print('Invalid. It should be between 1 ~ 4')
    else:
        sticks -= n
        if sticks == 0:
            print('Player two wins.')
            state = 'end'
        else:
            state = 'ask_player1'


state_machine = {
    'initialize': initialize,
    'ask_player1': ask_player1,
    'ask_player2': ask_player2,
}

sticks = 0
state = 'initialize'
while state != 'end':
    state_machine[state]()