c# - Azure Active Directory OpenID 在 Web 浏览器中引发随机数异常，但不在 Web 浏览器控件中引发异常

Question

我使用 OWIN 身份验证和 OpenID 来对 Azure AD 终结点进行身份验证。我的应用程序通常在 win-forms Web 浏览器控件中运行，我没有遇到任何问题。但是，当使用现代 Web 浏览器进行身份验证时，我在 Azure Active Directory 的响应重定向中的中间件 Next.Invoke(context) 中收到“nonce”异常。

我已经用控件和网络浏览器附加了响应 header 的 fiddler 。它们是不同的，但我希望能了解其中的原因。

网络浏览器控件和网络浏览器之间的哪些差异可能导致此问题？有解决方案/解决方法吗？

对于使用 IE 11 的网络浏览器控件，此操作成功，但对于 IE 11、Edge、Chrome 和 Firefox 则失败。

注意:JWT 在这两种情况下都包含随机数 token ，它不会在中间件中读取。

我正在使用:

Microsoft.Owin.Security.OpenIdConnect, Version=4.0.1.0
Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect, Version=5.3.0.0

public class MyMiddleWare : OwinMiddleware
{
   public override async Task Invoke(IOwinContext context)
   {
      try
      {
         await Next.Invoke(context);
         ...

错误

Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect.OpenIdConnectProtocolInvalidNonceException
      HResult=0x80131500
      Message=IDX21323: RequireNonce is '[PII is hidden. For more details, see https://aka.ms/IdentityModel/PII.]'. OpenIdConnectProtocolValidationContext.Nonce was null, OpenIdConnectProtocol.ValidatedIdToken.Payload.Nonce was not null. The nonce cannot be validated. If you don't need to check the nonce, set OpenIdConnectProtocolValidator.RequireNonce to 'false'. Note if a 'nonce' is found it will be evaluated.
      Source=Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect
      StackTrace:
       at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect.OpenIdConnectProtocolValidator.ValidateNonce(OpenIdConnectProtocolValidationContext validationContext)
       at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect.OpenIdConnectProtocolValidator.ValidateAuthenticationResponse(OpenIdConnectProtocolValidationContext validationContext)
       at Microsoft.Owin.Security.OpenIdConnect.OpenIdConnectAuthenticationHandler.<AuthenticateCoreAsync>d__9.MoveNext()
       at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
       at Microsoft.Owin.Security.OpenIdConnect.OpenIdConnectAuthenticationHandler.<AuthenticateCoreAsync>d__9.MoveNext()
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
       at Microsoft.Owin.Security.OpenIdConnect.OpenIdConnectAuthenticationHandler.<InvokeReplyPathAsync>d__16.MoveNext()
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
       at Microsoft.Owin.Security.Infrastructure.AuthenticationMiddleware`1.<Invoke>d__5.MoveNext()
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
       at Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.IntegratedPipeline.IntegratedPipelineContextStage.<RunApp>d__7.MoveNext()
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
       at Microsoft.Owin.Security.Infrastructure.AuthenticationMiddleware`1.<Invoke>d__5.MoveNext()
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
       at Microsoft.Owin.Security.Infrastructure.AuthenticationMiddleware`1.<Invoke>d__5.MoveNext()
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
       at Microsoft.Owin.Security.Infrastructure.AuthenticationMiddleware`1.<Invoke>d__5.MoveNext()
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
       at Microsoft.Owin.Security.Infrastructure.AuthenticationMiddleware`1.<Invoke>d__5.MoveNext()
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
       at Microsoft.Owin.Security.Infrastructure.AuthenticationMiddleware`1.<Invoke>d__5.MoveNext()
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
       at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.GetResult()
       at ....<Invoke>d__5.MoveNext() in ...:line 29

成功

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Encoding: gzip
Expires: -1
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
x-ms-request-id: ffdb4ab7-a6b4-457e-b663-448727569900
x-ms-ests-server: 2.1.9524.8 - CHI ProdSlices
x-ms-clitelem: 1,0,0,228204.2529,
P3P: CP="DSP CUR OTPi IND OTRi ONL FIN"
Set-Cookie: ESTSAUTHPERSISTENT=AQABAAQAACQN9QBRU3jT6bcBQLZNUj7jTNFH8tmqm9RCwduQg-S-Hg1JD5RJF6fmJ52lpVgyxkqYMpRP9IAURkUcO6yYTTJurmwF93DSyIr0GyvQmFO8ecuJra5gpBZcknhXnjHgMGZdW-IJg-maq9XPatsYpm_0vV7APXW89dnDq_rqOqXEIHYKBAUjAykyVlnq-2g0fN6UJhQbW0HcK78Fnu4ImfYqRWX7MmxILF3SXC9Ocmlphf22ThKPsZVJ2ZW7M7TaF7sBA94NokK75BWpOsYOeeBOX4VdJaJ3KQ2Qzx39cLNurZdlokZcv2QHhxif3FTBsFBlTRBeuHu2CZ5dRlG4n1DBRjCU4cgfXXkejKsQANLKGN3CFbZDPPlCfoZ3JVwrtWMCBUQRAnKI2k-CBgzY893M3dHHGdikMb6NfrlhIHxj7RUeVyeZNt655OYKz80SgEbsqOnXrEhs5uLipuotCCo0KlBD9c32N3wcEjtRcWccg5lhU9zj8j_BEmc0eDx-wWsayXyeFquHBUhtbi8nsaBzDyDwnr1m9JRfItjIy7CwmxmOkgdd0fs0I--Ge1qpFNq4dtcvN59iai9eBSPa6rU_iNFOwXcBvzickxhT5P9FQWEFtiXJqu2yCfiyr29nk_3lnERJmPKvH7w9mNhNOZhY1gftaYKRa41RVCaFvDZxJHYjHP5-Zt8kD9POHc6Q1DKF9auL2C6tH60UHPXyeaNb1WpVq_cni_RJ4b7IvsTni9fDhFWvBSgOdoIdfrXj6oO6KhkBX-IjIJ21NirfXGxLLYo_xU9d7vQsin9pfrWdipoXvwtPgANqysVw443-HwUvLhPTuXxGsDdv0HzrvtxzVidvY_ihN45KXR4LsYQDMRNvPlCGYVJDxc3OQfV1LEgACAAQAAQAgAA; domain=.login.microsoftonline.com; expires=Sun, 12-Jan-2020 17:29:09 GMT; path=/; secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=None
Set-Cookie: ESTSAUTH=AQABAAQAACQN9QBRU3jT6bcBQLZNUj7RkRJgm8PalY-u9YYf_I67Wxc1rqqmcQjzhap-HvzYPcg57SXUcZdCfoXzfJrakxvqnrb2ZNo9C-ZHRotgvjLc2dW6cgdeWzR3HosW2wnq46QMLuM5_9PgkVqu618TY1YjbrGHJt-DrkqYBllosEsRgIn7vtJbIDUcbIX_lY1v3x_eZDvxDC54mXpu4ahOFb2PpcMWOhQc2FvpjlBYy7n6SAAIABAACAAAAA; domain=.login.microsoftonline.com; path=/; secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=None
Set-Cookie: ESTSAUTHLIGHT=+53636a21-7ae1-44a-91b6-42bcae6e95b8; path=/; secure; SameSite=None
Set-Cookie: ch=so8u3S2kSqpfBZhYUj-R6A5pGKKa5C_O1x0BvcrUeo; domain=.login.microsoftonline.com; expires=Sun, 12-Jan-2020 17:29:09 GMT; path=/; secure; SameSite=None
Set-Cookie: ESTSSC=00; path=/; secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=None
Set-Cookie: buid=AQABAAEAAACQNQBRU3jT6bcBQLZNUj7enEyqLfYUuELonMRUstbWJj7fo8pTcQpro4Nep0rWS5DEHS7CAeNTSacaPYMXV8117FRdTSbvvMTasm4xDvW754ejP38JWtrZYkzEgOR8GyYsywDES4s7Fh9p1Fy_m5ImVzc9weUEiDlc1yhXxSkDbDmnlv9-SjJUJmiespfBsaXtzQSrEQaPEpBT5PbY5J_oAFgzbSA0gmlO9yOWOVGOR7IsIm8L4HvgJl25zOJWRBDSHYe8uTsCyfclx9oW_iZeQ3qtgczWXpg4OSIJqB3NiAA; expires=Wed, 13-Nov-2019 17:29:09 GMT; path=/; secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=None
Set-Cookie: SignInStateCookie=CAQABAAIAACQN9QBRU3jT6bcBQLZNUj7MpWzBN_CNnDvk5B7KLIuFNmpFhsjxyNrRZ7uaQBysuOYD52BW1DC2Rp5zZbk3RPFsZu0QKJeaCDiXBBgy7YMVKIquSviPZZfMIw1HPfm0s6Sf0lMfdgA0muXF6YFxneaZCsDq53lm6qYIlzUNhv39buD6xuCgtFl6d1OC84T65eGPSPPPBTJGO4un5QCVByDM0wbwYtXXr68c08cbT2U_ucgQ4tffRT-OUxKKlvz6nR3NcwD-Irn2Kn3Ay6_IBf7IAA; path=/; secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=None
Set-Cookie: fpc=Ajcv9X5TAupIu9O6f-Jaazeh6BYDAQAAAJmjNtUOAAAAVCafUwEAACZpjbVDgAAAMDn2V0DAAAA46Y21Q4AAAA; expires=Wed, 13-Nov-2019 17:29:09 GMT; path=/; secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=None
Set-Cookie: esctx=AQABAAAAAACQNQBRU3jT6bcBQLZNUj7rM2IjQVNxnrEqNXHtt2eNwsyLtgxftnSP3A1fpoRokG5weF27jPP4N4DTNZQI9-zxNnJXVD6jVR_FASWy6wvo-jYy0ddLCsC6upC3Y6n_YZSdCFixngM6Mnv3h4wAsPDbf6pzuUl7b0U8OoVe0zThFTTuQgprrs3XjHm9zEzlfAgAA; domain=.login.microsoftonline.com; path=/; secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=None
Set-Cookie: x-ms-gateway-slice=prod; path=/; secure; HttpOnly
Set-Cookie: stsservicecookie=ests; path=/; secure; HttpOnly
Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2019 17:29:09 GMT
Content-Length: 2650

失败

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Encoding: gzip
Expires: -1
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
x-ms-request-id: d8d44ea8-f12b-4f77-a25e-c1802adc7300
x-ms-ests-server: 2.1.9524.8 - CHI ProdSlices
x-ms-clitelem: 1,0,0,,
P3P: CP="DSP CUR OTPi IND OTRi ONL FIN"
Set-Cookie: AADSSO=; expires=Sun, 13-Oct-2019 17:30:47 GMT; path=/; secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=None
Set-Cookie: ESTSAUTHPERSISTENT=AQABAAQAAACN9QBRU3jT6bcBQLZNUj7Ng4kTNHEzlSGq4cyWxjUgjdQKPLQpDmPkulhBzsOCuvbmS0f1XHOHjqpDjRbTlT6r7VIjA0Gmsd6jlC2vcXMeifp2g1l5iUmaRS7sRA7XYoM1lRB6BB8sR1iNU8lL5G8Pff1qnDDe0O6Y5DE3yl_V02Cl_g_fifjTWGqG32JCUoXwknLW7gJi2k6GwVEq50rLqOYcSWpC72Q4bvtV1MY7CINWCUtpfse-gGcFYHmA67eGB8a4xwzvZnVfXdBHDvGuuqtDeXp1cprMCHYX9w3PAH1Ll7wVjZj4sUm0YWzm7G0gl9ngSqObM_vigH_KiXPsVoezhlBN_Xx0pkUpgbcTg2jCZ65xmSMkG_pegf28Zbyhpde-nqLB3_apx4_CJKr4BnJfklyRWvfZay5rtPJ70fpvP0KefPCyyE-liJxa47S6omJGr3IYZsmqlXQCGnYxgV7R2JFhdatTqiMuoKaTZGi_biglipMOKq0CIwBAOhQTlnAvO3TQInL2pKu96qbGo8f4wC6qzKnkGyPRenl66HZtZ1AAtkopLm-3AazYwYe_0Ex661018bmRQ439uy1p8otKT3ZnLaF2tjbAS5oXqCixevywawSsL-PhF69GYUgACAAQABQAQAA; domain=.login.microsoftonline.com; expires=Sun, 12-Jan-2020 17:30:47 GMT; path=/; secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=None
Set-Cookie: ESTSAUTH=AQABAAQAAACQN9QBRUjT6bcBQLZNUj7OegOzQKPWPto8WclZJmDLwYNjiEsn4OirFaDPw1GEKee53a1iFcD3LuFzjBN3PXqHmju5Wsfusj3mNowv15IWyv5qVIsSxHYlA1ESmxtT-fZsiTpW7anVdEl43kycsgEDFYjROEA_OzMt5ZdnFIH1rv5h0v4SQCrPBrofk4YRZ8PnxC-L_hvgA3jr5-YVA13aRcZdzXqAj3idML1MuwlBmXpALitYwCHaMosawMXp3mvbGSS8ly0SuW5509E9MY3Vlk1ySPPgId3z0dfK6q0hq9rdUsr7d7AZyGkmDoxGT-zjNqbBGKw9SqN0q77NYpAZZuyqnJHgxcYAilPCBi208PZ6QKuwKKGHey3J3XwtRVaJ_uBU0Ksx3uZHYWWk2plqP3Agv2EJlwqhCkoWmNMGsN84GoijysmiWizFOWaeQHcnEnBDzm9dON2eqrdTdWFUZNc7SIoLp4vhTGS7hHhSDVatAiIZX_46bVFkxGAXty6ZEOLnth2q8zQ4SbSBuccv1l2oFLKmqli2hnE5CHUuAcXazhhXSCasCFRZRrAkscqIi7mcZ2YRMiEaYZn6H092LPji0leYDNCCasKLQ-Xt1N-oJ1_aVETetoAE5_KmSoi9RV3v4rWtXOAAGvEUcfdFCAof0yRocLmjatN4HV2aa6NnDTs8hPdO61u_WsJkBjuDh8nM5B4JljqxwC4WeoQdL5G6Mq10qI6FYKqVsVwkJEyKWU01v7n_xqBFUwDoDogACAAQACwAQAA; domain=.login.microsoftonline.com; path=/; secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=None
Set-Cookie: ESTSAUTHLIGHT=+d098c80-efb8-4b0f-9ef3-eb50f58728f9; path=/; secure; SameSite=None
Set-Cookie: ch=M9_iBKa5h4GB9fhFhfjvoUmR0yjMYMpfKah1_rdomE; domain=.login.microsoftonline.com; expires=Sun, 12-Jan-2020 17:30:47 GMT; path=/; secure; SameSite=None
Set-Cookie: ESTSSC=00; path=/; secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=None
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Set-Cookie: fpc=Au_FFTZRMRlAl59trPoUI0iyECHoAgAAHynNtUOAAAAwOfZXQIAAACHpzbVDgAAAA; expires=Wed, 13-Nov-2019 17:30:47 GMT; path=/; secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=None
Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
Set-Cookie: x-ms-gateway-slice=prod; path=/; secure; HttpOnly
Set-Cookie: stsservicecookie=ests; path=/; secure; HttpOnly
Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2019 17:30:46 GMT
Content-Length: 2522

Answer 1

Asp.net OpenID Connect (OIDC) 中间件使用 nonce cookie 来防止安全重放攻击。正如错误所述，当应用程序在经过身份验证的请求中没有看到 nonce cookie 时，它​​会抛出上述异常。 Cookie 是基于域的，因此一旦为特定域设置了它们，只要它们仍然有效，对该域的所有后续请求都将包含这些 Cookie。

因此，请确保 Web 浏览器控件和 Web 浏览器身份验证域相同。

这里的解决方案是 redirect the request back to the same domain认证后原样使用。要控制 Azure AD 将经过身份验证的请求发送回应用程序的位置，请在下面的 ConfigureAuth 方法中设置 OpenIdConnectAuthentications.RedirectUri 属性。

public void ConfigureAuth(IAppBuilder app)
{ 
app.SetDefaultSignInAsAuthenticationType(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationType);
app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions());
app.UseOpenIdConnectAuthentication(
    new OpenIdConnectAuthenticationOptions
    {
        ClientId = clientId,
        Authority = authority,
        PostLogoutRedirectUri = postLogoutRedirectUri,
        RedirectUri = "https://www.contonso.com"
    });

    Microsoft.IdentityModel.Logging.IdentityModelEventSource.ShowPII = true;
}