python - 一种优雅的重载 Python 类属性的方法

Question

考虑一个基类:

class A(object):
   def __init__(self, x):
      self._x = x

   def get_x(self):
      #...
      return self._x

   def set_x(self, x):
      #...
      self._x = x

   x = property(get_x, set_x)

和派生类:

class B(A):
   def set_x(self, x):
      #...
      self._x = x**2

   x = property(A.get_x, set_x)

是否有一种优雅的方法可以在 B 类中重载 set_x()，而无需重新声明它和属性 x？谢谢。

Answer 1

添加一个额外的间接层(即使用钩子(Hook)):

class A(object):
    def __init__(self, x):
        self._x = x

    # Using a _get_hook is not strictly necessary for your problem...
    def _get_hook(self):
        return self._x
    def get_x(self):
        return self._get_hook()

    # By delegating `set_x` behavior to `_set_hook`, you make it possible
    # to override `_set_hook` behavior in subclass B.
    def _set_hook(self, x):
        self._x=x
    def set_x(self, x):
        self._set_hook(x)

    x = property(get_x, set_x)

class B(A):
    def _set_hook(self, x):
        print('got here!')
        self._x = x**2

b=B(5)
b.x=10
# got here!
print(b.x)
# 100

---

对于现代版本的 Python，您还可以使用 @property 装饰器:

class A(object):

   @property
   def x(self):
      return self._get_hook()

   @x.setter
   def x(self, x):
      self._set_hook(x)