python - 在 matplotlib python 中以 3D 形式动画绘制两种不同的颜色和形状

Question

我尝试为两个不同的类“红点”和“蓝色三角形”设置动画。一开始它们都在 x-y 平面上，并且在动画中它们都应该沿着 z 轴移动。最后它应该如图所示。

我用两个单独的数字达到了我想要的效果

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

np.random.seed(19680801)
n = 200
breite=20

def randrange(n, vmin, vmax):
    '''
    Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, )
    with each number distributed Uniform(vmin, vmax).
    '''
    return (vmax - vmin)*np.random.rand(n) + vmin

def fun_ebene(x, y):
    return x+y-breite**2/2

#function for points
def fun_punkte(x,y):
    return -x**2

# min and max of the plane
maximum=-99999.9
minimum=99999.9
for x in randrange(n, -breite, breite):
    for y in randrange(n, -breite, breite):       
        maximum=max(maximum,fun_ebene(x,y))
        minimum=min(minimum,fun_ebene(x,y))

# cache that the points not touch the plane
cache=(maximum-minimum)/10

#generate points
xs = randrange(n, -breite, breite)
ys = randrange(n, -breite, breite)
zs = randrange(n, fun_punkte(xs,ys)+cache, maximum)
zs=fun_punkte(xs,ys)
axlistxs = []
axlistys = []
axlistzs = []
bxlistxs = []
bxlistys = []
bxlistzs = []

 #seperates Data in two lists
 for i in range(len(zs)):
    if zs[i]<=fun_ebene(xs[i],ys[i]):
        axlistxs.append(xs[i])
        axlistys.append(ys[i])        
        axlistzs.append(zs[i])
    else:  
        bxlistxs.append(xs[i])
        bxlistys.append(ys[i])        
        bxlistzs.append(zs[i])

fig = plt.figure()
fig2 = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
bx = fig2.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

#set limes for the coordinate system
ax.set_xlim(-22,22)
ax.set_ylim(-22,22)
ax.set_zlim(0, -400)
bx.set_xlim(-22,22)
bx.set_ylim(-22,22)
bx.set_zlim(0, -400)

def _update_plot(i, fig, scat):
    axlistzs = []
    # sets the z-coordinate +1 every frame
    for date in range(0, len(axlistxs)):
         axlistzs.append(-i)
    list1 =[]
    list1.append(axlistxs) #x-coordinates
    list1.append(axlistys) #y-coordinates
    list1.append(axlistzs) #z-coordinates
    scat._offsets3d = (*np.array(list1),)
    return scat

def _update_plot2(i, fig, scat2):
    bxlistzs = []
    for  data in range(0, len(bxlistxs)):
        bxlistzs.append(-i)
    list2 = []
    list2.append(bxlistxs) #x-coordinates
    list2.append(bxlistys) #y-coordinates
    list2.append(bxlistzs) #z-coordinates
    np.array(list2)
    scat2._offsets3d = (*np.array(list2),)
    return scat2

#plot data
scat = ax.scatter([], [], color='red', marker='o') 
scat2 = bx.scatter([], [], color = 'blue', marker = '^')

anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, _update_plot, fargs=(fig, scat),    
frames=100, interval=100)

anim2 = animation.FuncAnimation(fig2, _update_plot2, fargs=(fig2, scat2),  
frames=100, interval=100)

plt.show()

我的问题是我只想在一个图形/动画中实现所有这些。但我不知道如何分散两种不同的颜色和形状。在我使用的更新函数中:

scat._offsets3d = (*np.array(list1),)

更新多个 x.y.z 坐标的列表，之后数据分散

scat = ax.scatter([], [], color='red', marker='o') 

我发现不可能在一张图中以不同的颜色和形状绘制两个不同的类列表。我希望有人能提供帮助。

Answer 1

正如评论中反复提到的，您需要从代码中删除第二个数字。然后，您也只需要一个 FuncAnimation 和一个更新函数。我保留了其余代码不变(尽管也可能有优化的空间)，以便您看到这实际上只是从脚本中删除第二个图形及其所有依赖项。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

np.random.seed(19680801)
n = 200
breite=20

def randrange(n, vmin, vmax):
    '''
    Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, )
    with each number distributed Uniform(vmin, vmax).
    '''
    return (vmax - vmin)*np.random.rand(n) + vmin

def fun_ebene(x, y):
    return x+y-breite**2/2

#function for points
def fun_punkte(x,y):
    return -x**2

# min and max of the plane
maximum=-99999.9
minimum=99999.9
for x in randrange(n, -breite, breite):
    for y in randrange(n, -breite, breite):       
        maximum=max(maximum,fun_ebene(x,y))
        minimum=min(minimum,fun_ebene(x,y))

# cache that the points not touch the plane
cache=(maximum-minimum)/10

#generate points
xs = randrange(n, -breite, breite)
ys = randrange(n, -breite, breite)
zs = randrange(n, fun_punkte(xs,ys)+cache, maximum)
zs=fun_punkte(xs,ys)
axlistxs = []
axlistys = []
axlistzs = []
bxlistxs = []
bxlistys = []
bxlistzs = []

#seperates Data in two lists
for i in range(len(zs)):
    if zs[i]<=fun_ebene(xs[i],ys[i]):
        axlistxs.append(xs[i])
        axlistys.append(ys[i])        
        axlistzs.append(zs[i])
    else:  
        bxlistxs.append(xs[i])
        bxlistys.append(ys[i])        
        bxlistzs.append(zs[i])

# only one figure and one axes
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')


ax.set_xlim(-22,22)
ax.set_ylim(-22,22)
ax.set_zlim(0, -400)

# only one updating function
def _update_plot(i):
    axlistzs = []
    # sets the z-coordinate +1 every frame
    for date in range(0, len(axlistxs)):
         axlistzs.append(-i)
    scat._offsets3d = (axlistxs,axlistys,axlistzs)

    bxlistzs = []
    for  data in range(0, len(bxlistxs)):
        bxlistzs.append(-i)
    scat2._offsets3d = (bxlistxs,bxlistys,bxlistzs)

#plot data to the same axes
scat = ax.scatter([], [], color='red', marker='o') 
scat2 = ax.scatter([], [], color = 'blue', marker = '^')

# only one FuncAnimation
anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, _update_plot,
                               frames=100, interval=100)


plt.show()