python - 解决 ascii codec can't decode byte in position ordinal not in range

Question

我已经看过所有其他帖子并进行了大量研究，但我仍然摸不着头脑。

问题是:

$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56) 
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> a=u'My Mate\u2019s'
>>> b='\xe2\x80\x99s BBQ'
>>> print a
My Mate’s
>>> print b
’s BBQ

因此，变量本身被精细打印，但打印的是串联:

>>> print a+b
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe2 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

给出解码错误。所以，我尝试解码字符串:

>>> print a.decode('utf-8')+b.decode('utf-8')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/encodings/utf_8.py", line 16, in decode
    return codecs.utf_8_decode(input, errors, True)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u2019' in position 7: ordinal not in range(128)

错误变为编码错误。因此，我尝试了几种方法来通知编码:

>>> print a.decode('utf-8').encode('utf-8')+b.decode('utf-8').encode('utf-8')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/encodings/utf_8.py", line 16, in decode
    return codecs.utf_8_decode(input, errors, True)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u2019' in position 7: ordinal not in range(128)
>>> print a.decode('ascii','ignore')+b.decode('ascii','ignore')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u2019' in position 7: ordinal not in range(128)
>>> print a.decode('utf-8').encode('ascii','ignore') +b.decode('utf-8').encode('ascii','ignore')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/encodings/utf_8.py", line 16, in decode
    return codecs.utf_8_decode(input, errors, True)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u2019' in position 7: ordinal not in range(128)
>>> 

无论我尝试什么，错误仍然存​​在。

我想问题可能很简单。如果有人能帮助解释发生了什么，以及如何解决这个问题，我将不胜感激。

我在 ubuntu 上安装了 python 2.7。

Answer 1

b 编码为 UTF-8，因此您必须将其.decode 为 Unicode。

print a + b.decode('utf-8')

在 Ubuntu 上用 Python 2.7.6 测试。

如果你想要两者都使用 UTF-8，你可以这样做:

print a.encode('utf-8') + b

---

我将解释为什么您的每一次尝试都不起作用:

a + b # the default decoding is ascii which cannot decode UTF-8
a.decode('utf-8')+b.decode('utf-8') # you don't need to decode Unicode

同样，您不需要解码 Unicode。

a.decode('utf-8').encode('utf-8')+b.decode('utf-8').encode('utf-8')

您一直在尝试解码 Unicode。您应该做的是对其进行编码，或者对 b 进行解码。

a.decode('ascii','ignore')+b.decode('ascii','ignore')

最后您再次尝试解码 Unicode。这里要说明的是，UTF-8 是一种编码。您从 UTF-8 解码为 Unicode。

a.decode('utf-8').encode('ascii','ignore') +b.decode('utf-8').encode('ascii','ignore')