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python - 将背景图像添加到 3d 图

转载 作者:太空宇宙 更新时间:2023-11-03 14:11:31 32 4
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此主题已被触及here ,但没有说明如何创建 3D 绘图并在 (x,y) 平面中以指定的 z 高度插入图像。

因此,为了提出一个简单且可重现的案例,假设我使用 mplot3d 创建了一个这样的 3D 绘图:

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatter
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.winter,
linewidth=0, antialiased=True)
ax.set_zlim(-1.01, 1.01)

ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))
ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f'))

plt.show()

视觉上我们有: enter image description here

z=min(z)-1 级别,其中 -1 是避免重叠的视觉偏移,我想插入一个图像 代表曲线显示特定值的元素。 怎么做?

在这个例子中,我不关心元素和它的值之间的完美匹配,所以请随意上传你喜欢的任何图像。另外,有没有办法让该图像旋转,以防有人对匹配不满意?

编辑

这是为 3D 直方图制作的类似内容的可视化示例。 z=0 级别的灰色形状是条形显示特定 z 值的元素。 Source. enter image description here

最佳答案

使用plot_surface 通过facecolors 参数绘制图像。

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatter
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib._png import read_png
from matplotlib.cbook import get_sample_data

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
X = np.arange(-5, 5, .25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, .25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.winter,
linewidth=0, antialiased=True)

ax.set_zlim(-2.01, 1.01)
ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))
ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f'))

fn = get_sample_data("./lena.png", asfileobj=False)
arr = read_png(fn)
# 10 is equal length of x and y axises of your surface
stepX, stepY = 10. / arr.shape[0], 10. / arr.shape[1]

X1 = np.arange(-5, 5, stepX)
Y1 = np.arange(-5, 5, stepY)
X1, Y1 = np.meshgrid(X1, Y1)
# stride args allows to determine image quality
# stride = 1 work slow
ax.plot_surface(X1, Y1, -2.01, rstride=1, cstride=1, facecolors=arr)

plt.show()

enter image description here

如果您需要添加值,请使用 PathPatch:

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatter
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d as art3d
from matplotlib.text import TextPath
from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D
from matplotlib.patches import PathPatch

def text3d(ax, xyz, s, zdir="z", size=None, angle=0, usetex=False, **kwargs):
x, y, z = xyz
if zdir == "y":
xy1, z1 = (x, z), y
elif zdir == "y":
xy1, z1 = (y, z), x
else:
xy1, z1 = (x, y), z

text_path = TextPath((0, 0), s, size=size, usetex=usetex)
trans = Affine2D().rotate(angle).translate(xy1[0], xy1[1])

p1 = PathPatch(trans.transform_path(text_path), **kwargs)
ax.add_patch(p1)
art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p1, z=z1, zdir=zdir)

# main
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
X = np.arange(-5, 5, .25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, .25)

Xg, Yg = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(Xg**2 + Yg**2)
Z = np.sin(R)
surf = ax.plot_surface(Xg, Yg, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.winter,
linewidth=0, antialiased=True)

ax.set_zlim(-2.01, 1.01)
ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))
ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f'))

# add pathces with values
for i,x in enumerate(X[::4]):
for j,y in enumerate(Y[::4]):
text3d(ax, (x, y, -2.01), "{0:.1f}".format(Z[i][j]), zdir="z", size=.5, ec="none", fc="k")

plt.show()

enter image description here

关于python - 将背景图像添加到 3d 图,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37478460/

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