java - 使用 Java 套接字 SSL 的客户端-服务器通信。真正需要什么证书

Question

您好，我正在开发一个带有客户端和服务器的 Java 项目，该项目使用客户端身份验证设置为 true 的 SSL 套接字。我让一切正常，但我想确定每一方在他们的 jks 中应该包含什么。

客户:
1. 客户端私钥(key.pem) & 公钥(cert.pem).
2.中间CA公钥(cert.pem)。

服务器:
1. 服务器私钥(key.pem) & 公钥(cert.pem).
2.中间CA公钥(cert.pem)。

我看了很多关于证书的书，但我真的不明白什么证书是真正必要的。

问题:

1.我读客户端应该只包含rootCA和他的证书，以及服务器所有的链和他的证书。这是处理此问题的正确方法吗？

2. 我还读到服务器应该有两个 jks，一个带有证书，另一个带有信任链。我真的不知道每个应该包含什么。

3. 代码仅在服务器和客户端具有 javax.net.ssl.keyStore 和 javax.net.ssl.trustStore 时才有效。如果我删除其中一个，它们将停止工作，为什么？根据我的阅读，客户端应该只能与 trustStore 一起工作。

我知道互联网上有很多信息，我花了一个星期的时间阅读它，但我仍然无法真正理解这一点。即使代码有效，我也真的很想知道它为什么有效以及正确的方法是什么。

我从以下网站的 tutorila 创建了一个批处理:https://jamielinux.com/docs/openssl-certificate-authority/ .

我正在使用辅助项目来测试 ssl 套接字连接。这是我正在使用的:

客户(MWE):

package com.test.ssl;

import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;


public class Client {

    private static final String IP = "127.0.0.1";
    private static final int PORT = 15000;
    private static DataOutputStream os;
    private static DataInputStream is;
    private static final byte messageEnd = 0;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.keyStore", "D:\\workspace\\Client_Server_SSL\\clientKeyStore.jks");
        System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword", "CertPass");
        System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", "D:\\workspace\\Client_Server_SSL\\clientKeyStore.jks");
        System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword", "CertPass");

        SSLSocketFactory factory = (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault();

        try {
            SSLSocket sslsocket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket(IP, PORT);
            sslsocket.setNeedClientAuth(true);
            is = new DataInputStream(sslsocket.getInputStream());
            System.out.println("Loading output streams");
            os = new DataOutputStream(sslsocket.getOutputStream());
            System.out.println("Streams loaded");
            os.write("Hi\0".getBytes());

            byte character;
            List<Byte> message = new ArrayList<>();
            while ((character = is.readByte()) != messageEnd) {
                message.add(character);
            }

            byte[] messageBytes = byteListToByteArray(message);
            String response = new String(messageBytes);
            System.out.println("Server response: " + response);

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    public static byte[] byteListToByteArray(List<Byte> bytes) {
        byte[] result = new byte[bytes.size()];
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.size(); i++) {
            result[i] = bytes.get(i).byteValue();
        }

        return result;
    }

}

服务器(MWE):

package com.test.ssl;

import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLServerSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLServerSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;

public class Server {

    private static boolean serverListening = true;
    private static SSLServerSocket sslserversocket;
    private static final int PORT = 15000;
    private static DataInputStream is;
    private static DataOutputStream os;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.keyStore", "D:\\workspace\\Client_Server_SSL\\serverKeyStore.jks");
        System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword", "CertPass");
        System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", "D:\\workspace\\Client_Server_SSL\\serverKeyStore.jks");
        System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword", "CertPass");

        SSLServerSocketFactory factory = (SSLServerSocketFactory) SSLServerSocketFactory.getDefault();

        try {
            sslserversocket = (SSLServerSocket) factory.createServerSocket(PORT);
             sslserversocket.setNeedClientAuth(true);
            while (serverListening) {
                System.out.println("Waiting for client");
                // Accept return a new socket to handle the client.
                SSLSocket sslsocket = (SSLSocket) sslserversocket.accept();

                is = new DataInputStream(sslsocket.getInputStream());
                os = new DataOutputStream(sslsocket.getOutputStream());
                System.out.println("Client connected");

                List<Byte> message = new ArrayList<>();
                byte character;

                while ((character = is.readByte()) != 0) {
                    message.add(character);
                }

                byte[] messageBytes = byteListToByteArray(message);
                String response = new String(messageBytes);
                System.out.println("Client sad: " + response);

                os.write("Welcome\0".getBytes());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.err.println("Exception: " + e);
        }

    }

    public static byte[] byteListToByteArray(List<Byte> bytes) {
        byte[] result = new byte[bytes.size()];
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.size(); i++) {
            result[i] = bytes.get(i).byteValue();
        }

        return result;
    }

}

批处理脚本:

从以下位置下载 openSSL:https://slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html
将 bin 文件夹复制到一个单独的文件夹中，并在那里添加批处理文件。openssl.cnf 是指南中第一个链接中那个文件的副本。

@echo on

cd /D %~dp0

REM could not create all subfolder at onces, I got a syntax error when trying root\ca\{certs,crl,newcerts,private}
mkdir root\ca\certs
mkdir root\ca\crl
mkdir root\ca\newcerts
mkdir root\ca\private
type NUL > root\ca\index.txt
echo 1000 > root\ca\serial
REM tried to use type but it was not working.
copy "%~dp0ConfigurationFiles\openssl_ca_test.cnf" root\ca\openssl.cnf

@echo ______________Creating CA

openssl genrsa -aes256 -out root/ca/private/ca.key.pem -passout pass:CAPassword  4096

openssl req -config root/ca/openssl.cnf -key root/ca/private/ca.key.pem -new -x509 -days 7300 -sha256 -extensions v3_ca -out root/ca/certs/ca.cert.pem -passin pass:CAPassword

openssl x509 -noout -text -in root/ca/certs/ca.cert.pem

@echo ______________INTERMEDIATE CERTIFICATES

mkdir root\ca\intermediate\certs
mkdir root\ca\intermediate\crl
mkdir root\ca\intermediate\newcerts
mkdir root\ca\intermediate\private
mkdir root\ca\intermediate\csr
type NUL > root\ca\intermediate\index.txt
echo 1000 > root\ca\intermediate\serial
echo 1000 > root\ca\intermediate\crlnumber
copy "%~dp0ConfigurationFiles\openss_intermediate_test.cnf" root\ca\intermediate\openssl.cnf

openssl genrsa -aes256 -out root/ca/intermediate/private/intermediate.key.pem -passout pass:InterMPassword 4096

openssl req -config root/ca/intermediate/openssl.cnf -new -sha256 -key root/ca/intermediate/private/intermediate.key.pem -out root/ca/intermediate/csr/intermediate.csr.pem -passin pass:InterMPassword

openssl ca -config root/ca/openssl.cnf -extensions v3_intermediate_ca -days 3650 -notext -md sha256 -in root/ca/intermediate/csr/intermediate.csr.pem -out root/ca/intermediate/certs/intermediate.cert.pem -passin pass:CAPassword

type root\ca\intermediate\certs\intermediate.cert.pem root\ca\certs\ca.cert.pem > root\ca\intermediate\certs\ca-chain.cert.pem


@echo ______________GENERATING CERTIFICATES

openssl genrsa -aes256 -out root/ca/intermediate/private/www.client.com.key.pem -passout pass:CertPass 2048

openssl genrsa -aes256 -out root/ca/intermediate/private/www.server.com.key.pem -passout pass:CertPass 2048

openssl req -config root/ca/intermediate/openssl.cnf -key root/ca/intermediate/private/www.client.com.key.pem -new -sha256 -out root/ca/intermediate/csr/www.client.com.csr.pem -passin pass:CertPass

openssl req -config root/ca/intermediate/openssl.cnf -key root/ca/intermediate/private/www.server.com.key.pem -new -sha256 -out root/ca/intermediate/csr/www.server.com.csr.pem -passin pass:CertPass

@echo ______________SIGNING CERTIFICATES

openssl ca -config root/ca/intermediate/openssl.cnf -extensions usr_cert -days 7000 -notext -md sha256 -in root/ca/intermediate/csr/www.client.com.csr.pem -out root/ca/intermediate/certs/www.client.com.cert.pem -passin pass:InterMPassword

openssl ca -config root/ca/intermediate/openssl.cnf -extensions server_cert -days 7000 -notext -md sha256 -in root/ca/intermediate/csr/www.server.com.csr.pem -out root/ca/intermediate/certs/www.server.com.cert.pem -passin pass:InterMPassword

@echo ______________DONE

PAUSE

Answer 1

I would like to be sure what each side should contain in their jks.

首先，对于相互认证的 SSL，每一方都需要两个 JKS 文件:一个 keystore 和一个信任库。不要混淆这些文件，或将它们的用途混为一谈，或将一个文件用于两者。

每种情况下的 keystore 都包含该方自己的私钥和证书，并且签名证书链到对等方信任的任何根 CA。

每种情况下的信任库都包含该方信任的根 CA。如果对等方出于某种不幸的原因使用自签名证书，则这相当于要求在该方的信任库中导出该证书的副本。