python - 将操纵杆轴值转换为十六进制三元组代码

Question

在 pygame 中使用 PS4 Controller ，我已经弄清楚如何捕获可以变化为 -1 或 1 的轴旋转，但我不知道如何将这些数字转换为色环 像比例一样将其转换为十六进制三元组数字。
模仿色环的值比任何东西都重要，因为我不希望操纵杆在不运动时捕获颜色。 Picture
(因为这有点令人困惑，本质上我希望能够移动操纵杆并根据其移动位置捕获准确的十六进制三元组数字)

这是我到目前为止的代码:

import pygame

# Define some colors
BLACK    = (   0,   0,   0)
WHITE    = ( 62, 210, 255)

# This is a simple class that will help us print to the screen
# It has nothing to do with the joysticks, just outputting the
# information.
class TextPrint:
    def __init__(self):
        self.reset()
        self.font = pygame.font.Font(None, 25)

    def print(self, screen, textString):
        textBitmap = self.font.render(textString, True, BLACK)
        screen.blit(textBitmap, [self.x, self.y])
        self.y += self.line_height

    def reset(self):
        self.x = 25
        self.y = 25
        self.line_height = 30

    def indent(self):
        self.x += 10

    def unindent(self):
        self.x -= 10


pygame.init()

# Set the width and height of the screen [width,height]
size = [900, 1080]
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

pygame.display.set_caption("PS4Testing")

#Loop until the user clicks the close button.
done = False

# Used to manage how fast the screen updates
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

# Initialize the joysticks
pygame.joystick.init()

# Get ready to print
textPrint = TextPrint()

# -------- Main Program Loop -----------
while done==False:
    # EVENT PROCESSING STEP
    for event in pygame.event.get(): # User did something
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # If user clicked close
            done=True # Flag that we are done so we exit this loop




    screen.fill(WHITE)
    textPrint.reset()

    # Get count of joysticks
    joystick_count = pygame.joystick.get_count()


    # For each joystick:
    for i in range(joystick_count):
        joystick = pygame.joystick.Joystick(i)
        joystick.init()

        # Usually axis run in pairs, up/down for one, and left/right for
        # the other.
        axes = joystick.get_numaxes()


        for i in range( axes ):
            axis = joystick.get_axis( i )
            textPrint.print(screen, "Axis {} value: {:>6.3f}".format(i, axis) )
        textPrint.unindent()



    # ALL CODE TO DRAW SHOULD GO ABOVE THIS COMMENT

    # Go ahead and update the screen with what we've drawn.
    pygame.display.flip()

    # Limit to 20 frames per second
    clock.tick(20)

# Close the window and quit.
# If you forget this line, the program will 'hang'
# on exit if running from IDLE.
pygame.quit ()

修改了 official pygame documentation 的代码
任何帮助将不胜感激

Answer 1

我的计划:

1. 找到摇杆在操纵杆上的角度
2. 使用 HSV 和摇杆角度获取 RGB 值
3. 转换为十六进制

求操纵杆的角度

首先，我们需要找到操纵杆的角度。我们可以使用law of cosines来做到这一点和轴语句作为三角形边的长度(因为它们来自一个点/中心)。

在此 block 中存储轴语句:

for i in range( axes ):
        axis = joystick.get_axis( i )
        #Storing axis statement
        if i == 0:
            Xaxis = axis
        elif i == 1:
            Yaxis = axis

        textPrint.print(screen, "Axis {} value: {:>6.3f}".format(i, axis) )

我们存储它们是因为在 for 循环中我们一次只能获取一个语句。

然后定义一个函数来返回棒的角度​​。我们需要对 pi 和 acos 使用 math 模块。

def get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis):
    #To avoid ZeroDivisionError
    #P.S. - you can improve it a bit.
    if Xaxis == 0:
        Xaxis = 0.001
    if Yaxis == 0:
        Yaxis = 0.001
    #defining the third side of a triangle using the Pythagorean theorem
    b = ((Xaxis)**2 + (Yaxis)**2)**0.5
    c = Xaxis
    a = Yaxis
    #Using law of cosines we'll find angle using arccos of cos
    #math.acos returns angles in radians, so we need to multiply it by 180/math.pi
    angle =  math.acos((b**2 + c**2 - a**2) / (2*b*c)) * 180/math.pi
    #It'll fix angles to be in range of 0 to 360
    if Yaxis > 0:
        angle = 360 - angle
    return angle

现在get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis)将返回摇杆的角度。东为 0°，北为 90°，西为 180°，南为 270°。

获取 HSV 并转换为 RGB

我们有棒的角度，我们可以用它来制作 HSV 颜色，然后将其转换为 RGB，因为色轮是基于颜色的色调。

色调与摇杆角度的范围相同，因此我们可以使用摇杆角度作为色调。

使用 Wikipedia 中的公式，定义一个将 HSV 转换为 RGB 的函数。

def hsv_to_rgb(H,S,V):
    #0 <= H <= 360
    #0 <= S <= 1
    #0 <= V <= 1
    C = V * S
    h = H/60
    X = C * (1 - abs(h % 2 -1))

    #Yes, Python can compare like "0 <= 2 > 1"
    if 0 <= h <= 1:
        r = C; g = X; b = 0
    elif 1 <= h <= 2:
        r = X; g = C; b = 0
    elif 2 <= h <= 3:
        r = 0; g = C; b = X
    elif 3 <= h <= 4:
        r = 0; g = X; b = C
    elif 4 <= h <= 5:
        r = X; g = 0; b = C
    elif 5 <= h < 6:
        r = C; g = 0; b = X

    m = V - C

    #Final computing and converting from 0 - 1 to 0 - 255 
    R = int((r+m)*255)
    G = int((g+m)*255)
    B = int((b+m)*255)

    return [R,G,B]

现在 hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1) 将返回 0 - 255 范围内的红色、绿色和蓝色列表(以便更轻松地进行十六进制转换)。在这种情况下，饱和度和值不是必需的。

转换为十六进制

最简单的部分。我们需要获取 RGB 列表并将值转换为十六进制。

colors = hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
#Converting to hex
lst = list(map(hex,colors))
#Cutting the "0x" part
for i in range(len(lst)):
    lst[i] = lst[i][2:]
    #If one of the colors has only one digit, extra 0 will be added for a better look
    if len(lst[i]) == 1:
        lst[i] = "0"+str(lst[i])
print(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis))

将打印诸如 #ff0000、#00ff00 和 #0000ff 之类的内容。

您还可以使您的程序实时显示颜色变化，只需在此 block 中添加WHITE=colors即可。 如果您患有光敏性癫痫，请勿使用它。

合并所有内容

将第一个和第二个点的函数放在开头的某个位置。

添加从第一个点到 block 的存储

for i in range( axes ):
    axis = joystick.get_axis( i )
    textPrint.print(screen, "Axis {} value: {:>6.3f}".format(i, axis) )

从 block 后的第三个点开始添加转换。我建议制作死亡区功能。

death_zone = 0.1
if abs(Xaxis) > death_zone or abs(Yaxis) > death_zone:
    #If you prefer HSV color wheel, use hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
    #Else if you prefer RGB color wheel, use hsv_to_rgb(360-get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
    colors = hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
    #Converting to hex
    lst = list(map(hex,colors))
    #Cutting the "0x" part
    for i in range(len(lst)):
        lst[i] = lst[i][2:]
        #If one of the colors has only one digit, extra 0 will be added for a better look
        if len(lst[i]) == 1:
            lst[i] = "0"+str(lst[i])
    print("#"+"".join(lst))

这就是您的代码的样子:

附注- 您可能需要更改一些代码，因为我认为我的操纵杆轴没有正确捕获。

import pygame
import math

# Define some colors
BLACK    = (   0,   0,   0)
WHITE    = ( 62, 210, 255)

def hsv_to_rgb(H,S,V):
    #Accirding to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV#From_HSV
    #0 <= H <= 360
    #0 <= S <= 1
    #0 <= V <= 1
    C = V * S
    h = H/60
    X = C * (1 - abs(h % 2 -1))

    #Yes, Python can compare like "0 <= 2 > 1"
    if 0 <= h <= 1:
        r = C; g = X; b = 0
    elif 1 <= h <= 2:
        r = X; g = C; b = 0
    elif 2 <= h <= 3:
        r = 0; g = C; b = X
    elif 3 <= h <= 4:
        r = 0; g = X; b = C
    elif 4 <= h <= 5:
        r = X; g = 0; b = C
    elif 5 <= h < 6:
        r = C; g = 0; b = X

    m = V - C

    #Final computing and converting from 0 - 1 to 0 - 255 
    R = int((r+m)*255)
    G = int((g+m)*255)
    B = int((b+m)*255)

    return [R,G,B]

def get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis):
    #To avoid ZeroDivisionError
    #P.S. - you can improve it a bit.
    if Xaxis == 0:
        Xaxis = 0.001
    if Yaxis == 0:
        Yaxis = 0.001
    #defining the third side of a triangle using the Pythagorean theorem
    b = ((Xaxis)**2 + (Yaxis)**2)**0.5
    c = Xaxis
    a = Yaxis
    #Using law of cosines we'll fing angle using arccos of cos
    #math.acos returns angles in radians, so we need to multiply it by 180/math.pi
    angle =  math.acos((b**2 + c**2 - a**2) / (2*b*c)) * 180/math.pi
    #It'll fix angles to be in range of 0 to 360
    if Yaxis > 0:
        angle = 360 - angle
    return angle

# This is a simple class that will help us print to the screen
# It has nothing to do with the joysticks, just outputting the
# information.
class TextPrint:
    def __init__(self):
        self.reset()
        self.font = pygame.font.Font(None, 25)

    def print(self, screen, textString):
        textBitmap = self.font.render(textString, True, BLACK)
        screen.blit(textBitmap, [self.x, self.y])
        self.y += self.line_height

    def reset(self):
        self.x = 25
        self.y = 25
        self.line_height = 30

    def indent(self):
        self.x += 10

    def unindent(self):
        self.x -= 10


pygame.init()

# Set the width and height of the screen [width,height]
size = [900, 1080]
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

pygame.display.set_caption("PS4Testing")

#Loop until the user clicks the close button.
done = False

# Used to manage how fast the screen updates
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

# Initialize the joysticks
pygame.joystick.init()

# Get ready to print
textPrint = TextPrint()

# -------- Main Program Loop -----------
while done==False:
    # EVENT PROCESSING STEP
    for event in pygame.event.get(): # User did something
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # If user clicked close
            done=True # Flag that we are done so we exit this loop




    screen.fill(WHITE)
    textPrint.reset()

    # Get count of joysticks
    joystick_count = pygame.joystick.get_count()


    # For each joystick:
    for i in range(joystick_count):
        joystick = pygame.joystick.Joystick(i)
        joystick.init()

        # Usually axis run in pairs, up/down for one, and left/right for
        # the other.
        axes = joystick.get_numaxes()


        for i in range( axes ):
            axis = joystick.get_axis( i )
            #Storing axis statement
            if i == 0:
                Xaxis = axis
            elif i == 1:
                Yaxis = axis

            textPrint.print(screen, "Axis {} value: {:>6.3f}".format(i, axis) )
        textPrint.unindent()

        #If joystick is not in the center
        #Death zone is used to not capture joystick if it's very close to the center
        death_zone = 0.1
        if abs(Xaxis) > death_zone or abs(Yaxis) > death_zone:
            #If you prefer HSV color wheel, use hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
            #Else if you prefer RGB color wheel, use hsv_to_rgb(360-get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
            colors = hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
            #Converting to hex
            lst = list(map(hex,colors))
            #Cutting the "0x" part
            for i in range(len(lst)):
                lst[i] = lst[i][2:]
                #If one of the colors has only one digit, extra 0 will be added for a better look
                if len(lst[i]) == 1:
                    lst[i] = "0"+str(lst[i])
            print("#"+"".join(lst))
            #You can use it to see color change in real time.
            #But I don't recomend to use it if you have photosensitive epilepsy.
            #WHITE = colors

    # ALL CODE TO DRAW SHOULD GO ABOVE THIS COMMENT

    # Go ahead and update the screen with what we've drawn.
    pygame.display.flip()

    # Limit to 20 frames per second
    clock.tick(20)

# Close the window and quit.
# If you forget this line, the program will 'hang'
# on exit if running from IDLE.
pygame.quit ()