python - 标准库中某处是否有 ANSI 颜色转义码列表？

Question

我写了很多小帮助脚本，并且经常在终端中打印彩色文本。为了简化打包和分发，我经常希望这些小脚本没有任何依赖关系。

因此我在脚本中大量复制这样的数据:

ansi_colors = {
    None: '\x1b[0m',  # actually black but whatevs
    'red': '\x1b[31m',
    'green' : '\x1b[32m',
    ...
}

这些数据是否存在于核心库中的任何地方？我四处寻找，发现 curses 有一些 COLOR_* 常量，但它们只是整数，而且它们如何转换为 ANSI 转义码并不明显。

我已经知道 termcolor、colorama、blessings 等模块，所以请不要建议使用它们 - 我想要仅依赖于标准库。

Answer 1

您可以查看手册页 console_codes(4) .您想要的是 ECMA-48 Set Graphics Rendition:

The ECMA-48 SGR sequence ESC [ parameters m sets display attributes. Several attributes can be set in the same sequence, separated by semicolons. An empty parameter (between semicolons or string initiator or terminator) is interpreted as a zero.

   param   result
   0       reset all attributes to their defaults
   1       set bold
   2       set half-bright (simulated with color on a color display)
   4       set  underscore (simulated with color on a color display) (the colors used to
           simulate dim or underline are set using ESC ] ...)
   5       set blink
   7       set reverse video
   10      reset selected mapping, display control flag, and toggle meta  flag  (ECMA-48
           says "primary font").
   11      select  null  mapping,  set  display  control  flag,  reset  toggle meta flag
           (ECMA-48 says "first alternate font").
   12      select null mapping, set display control flag, set toggle meta flag  (ECMA-48
           says "second alternate font").  The toggle meta flag causes the high bit of a
           byte to be toggled before the mapping table translation is done.
   21      set normal intensity (ECMA-48 says "doubly underlined")
   22      set normal intensity
   24      underline off
   25      blink off
   27      reverse video off
   30      set black foreground
   31      set red foreground
   32      set green foreground
   33      set brown foreground
   34      set blue foreground
   35      set magenta foreground
   36      set cyan foreground
   37      set white foreground
   38      set underscore on, set default foreground color
   39      set underscore off, set default foreground color
   40      set black background
   41      set red background
   42      set green background
   43      set brown background
   44      set blue background
   45      set magenta background
   46      set cyan background
   47      set white background
   49      set default background color

我不认为它们可以在任何标准 Python 模块中按原样使用。但是如果你仔细观察，你会注意到前景色是 30 加上 curses 常量，而背景色是 40 加上curses 常量。所以你可以这样写:

import curses
def fcolor(c):
    return '\x1B[{0}m'.format(30 + c)
def bcolor(c):
    return '\x1B[{0}m'.format(40 + c)
def fbcolor(f, b):
    return '\x1B[{0};{1}m'.format(30 + f, 40 + b)

print(fbcolor(curses.COLOR_RED, curses.COLOR_YELLOW) + "hello!")