c# - XNA:需要帮助在计时器滴答声中在任何一侧产生敌人，然后让它们随机移动

Question

好吧，我正在 XNA 中制作一个 2d 射击游戏，但遇到了一些障碍。我正在尝试创建一个敌人类，它允许我每 10 秒在屏幕外生成一个敌人，然后让它随机向上、向左或向下移动。在花了 4 个小时的大部分时间在互联网上搜索之后，我发现所有的例子都是让敌人向一个方向移动，从一个点生成等等。

任何帮助将不胜感激，我的敌人类(class)现在有点乱，因为将这么多代码拖在一起试图让它工作。这是它的现状:

using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace Shark_Wars_2
{
    class Enemy
    {
        List<Vector2> sharkPosition = new List<Vector2>(); //is there a better way for having more than one of the same enemy?
        public Vector2 sharkDirection;

        public int sharkWidth;
        public int sharkHeight;

        public int sharkSpeed;

        float sharkSpawnProbability;

        public Random randomSharkPosition;
        public Random direction;

        double timer = 0;
        float interval = 1000;
        int speed = 1;

        public Enemy()
        {
            sharkPosition = new Vector2(0, 0); //brings up error - see above

            sharkWidth = 64;
            sharkHeight = 44;

            sharkSpeed = 3;

            sharkSpawnProbability = 1 / 10000f;

            randomSharkPosition = new Random(3); //left, right, up, down
            direction = new Random(3);

        }

        public void update(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            //enemy movement
            for (int i = 0; i < sharkPosition.Count; i++)
            {
                //enemy position increases by speed
                sharkPosition[i] = new Vector2(sharkPosition[i].X + sharkDirection.X, sharkPosition[i].Y + sharkDirection.Y);
            }

            timer += gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalMilliseconds;

            //aniamtion
            if (timer >= interval / speed)
            {
                timer = 0;
            }

            //spawn new enemy
            if (randomSharkPosition.NextDouble() < sharkSpawnProbability)
            {
                float spawn = (float)randomSharkPosition.NextDouble() * (1280 - sharkHeight); sharkPosition.Add(new Vector2(sharkDirection.X, sharkDirection.Y));
            }
        }

        // ill worry about drawing after spawning and movement, should be no problem
        public void draw()//(SpriteBatch spritebatch, Texture2D wave)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < sharkPosition.Count; i++)
            {
                //spritebatch.Draw(shark, new Rectangle((int)sharkPosition[i].X, (int)sharkPosition[i].Y, sharkWidth, sharkHeight);
            }
        }
    }
}

我的脑袋真的很堵，我花了很多时间研究如何制作移动的背景对象和子弹列表。

我真的很想简化这个，所以如果你知道更简单的做事方式，我会洗耳恭听!

提前致谢!

Answer 1

您的基本问题是您没有将管理/逻辑类与实例对象分开。你想要更多的分离，像这样:

public class EnemyManager
{
   List<Shark> activeSharks = new List<Shark>();
   Timer spawnTimer;

   //Just one random instance per class, this is considered best practice to improve
   //the randomness of the generated numbers
   Random rng = new Random(); //Don't use a specific seed, that reduces randomness!

   public EnemyManager()
   {
      //Min/max time for the next enemy to appear, in milliseconds
      spawnTimer = new Timer(rng.Next(500, 2000));
      spawnTimer.Elapsed += SpawnShark;
      spawnTimer.Start();
   }

   public void SpawnShark(object sender, ElapasedEventArgs e)
   {
       Vector2 newSharkPosition = Vector2.Zero;
       newSharkPosition.X = rng.Next(0, 1280); //Whatever parameters you want    
       newSharkPosition.Y = rng.Next(0, 1280); //Whatever parameters you want    

       Vector2 newSharkDirection.... //Repeat above for direction

       Shark spawnedShark = new Shark(newSharkPosition, newSharkDirection);
       activeSharks.Add(spawnedShark);

       //Min/max time for the next enemy to appear, in milliseconds
      spawnTimer = new Timer(rng.Next(500, 2000));
   }

   public void update(GameTime gameTime)
   {
      foreach(Shark s in activeSharks)
        s.Update(gameTime);
   }

   public void draw(SpriteBatch spritebatch, Texture2D wave)
   {
      foreach(Shark s in activeSharks)
        s.Draw(spritebatch, wave)
   }
}

public class Shark
{
    Vector2 position;
    Vector2 direction;
    const float speed = 3;
    const int height = 44;
    const int width = 64;

    public Shark(Vector3 initPosition, Vector3 direction)
    {
        position = initPosition;
        this.direction = direction;
    }

    //Draw/Update using the local variables.
}

显然我没有编写所有代码，但这应该可以帮助您入门。首先，我将所有“实例”特定数据放入它自己的对象中，然后“管理器”只是保存和管理这些对象的集合。我还将 RNG 重构为只有一个实例(最佳实践)并使用默认的基于时间的种子。自己播种会导致每次运行程序时得出相同的数字(可能不是您想要的 :))。

如果您不明白什么，请告诉我，或者我可以提供任何进一步的帮助!