security - Nginx 安全配置

Question

我对将 Nginx 配置为内部 Web 服务的代理有点陌生，需要使用 SSL 连接进行转发。

当前的设置涉及为当前在公共(public)云基础架构上运行的内部网络应用程序提供服务。

下面是我的nginx配置:

server {
  listen 80 default_server;
  listen [::]:80 default_server;
  server_name www.somedomain.com;
  # Refer:
  # https://www.nginx.com/blog/http-strict-transport-security-hsts-and-nginx/
  # Discourage deep links by using a permanent redirect to home page of HTTPS site
  return 301 https://$server_name;
}

server {
  # User Defined
  listen 443 ssl http2;
  # SSL Certificate Paths
  ssl_certificate /home/secured/ssl/certs/mycustomapp.cert;
  ssl_certificate_key /home/secured/ssl/private/mycustomapp.key;

  # Nginx Access and Error Logs
  access_log /var/log/nginx/mycustomapp.access.log;
  error_log  /var/log/nginx/mycustomapp.error.log;

  # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
  index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

  # User Defined
  server_name www.somedomain.com;

  # HSTS header for always https option
  add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=36000; includeSubDomains" always;
  add_header X-Frame-Options "DENY";

  location / {
    # User Defined
    include /etc/nginx/proxy_params;
    proxy_pass http://localhost:9090;
    proxy_read_timeout 90s;
    proxy_redirect http://localhost:9090 https://$server_name;
  }
}

我为服务器生成了自签名证书:mycustomapp.cert 和相应的 key :mycustomapp.key，并且本地服务/应用程序正在运行在 http://localhost:9090 上并且不在全局访问端口 0.0.0.0:9090 上运行。

这是 access.log 的片段，位于 /var/log/nginx/。

106.51.17.223 - - [23/Dec/2018:17:51:22 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 301 194 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Safari/537.36"
47.75.165.214 - - [23/Dec/2018:18:16:47 +0000] "PROPFIND / HTTP/1.1" 301 194 "-" "-"
47.75.165.214 - - [23/Dec/2018:18:16:47 +0000] "GET /webdav/ HTTP/1.1" 301 194 "-" "Mozilla/5.0"
47.75.165.214 - - [23/Dec/2018:18:16:47 +0000] "GET /help.php HTTP/1.1" 301 194 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
47.75.165.214 - - [23/Dec/2018:18:16:48 +0000] "GET /java.php HTTP/1.1" 301 194 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0"
47.75.165.214 - - [23/Dec/2018:18:16:58 +0000] "POST /wuwu11.php HTTP/1.1" 301 194 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)"
47.75.165.214 - - [23/Dec/2018:18:16:58 +0000] "POST /xw.php HTTP/1.1" 301 194 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)"
47.75.165.214 - - [23/Dec/2018:18:16:59 +0000] "POST /xw1.php HTTP/1.1" 301 194 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)"
47.75.165.214 - - [23/Dec/2018:18:16:59 +0000] "POST /9678.php HTTP/1.1" 301 194 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)"

我还在 access.log 和 mycustomapp.access.log 中观察到一些格式错误的请求(此处未复制)。

配置是否足以延迟/阻止这些渗透攻击尝试，或者是否有冗余配置暴露了我目前无法理解的 channel ？

目前，我会在有人需要访问权限时启用该服务，但随着越来越多的人开始使用该应用程序，这将不再是一个合适的场景。

Answer 1

这个配置照常就够了。如需更多安全性，请查看此列表:

1. > https://github.com/nbs-system/naxsi
2. 使用this优化 SSL 性能。
3. 了解 server_tokens 并禁用它。
4. 阅读有关 error_page 的信息并使用您自己的页面。