ssl - OpenSSL ClientHello 在最新版本中失败

Question

我需要连接到 SSL 服务器。当我使用 OpenSSL 1.0.1r 连接时，它工作正常:

CONNECTED(00000304)
write to 0x6e13e8 [0x730a98] (297 bytes => 297 (0x129))
0000 - 16 03 01 01 24 01 00 01-20 03 03 16 f2 71 5f 26   ....$... ....q_&
0010 - a5 9b 64 cb 8f 0b 27 65-8d a3 54 e6 de a5 18 7a   ..d...'e..T....z
0020 - 3c 5a e4 08 ab ff 6a 92-d7 45 f3 00 00 8a c0 30   <Z....j..E.....0
0030 - c0 2c c0 28 c0 24 c0 14-c0 0a 00 a3 00 9f 00 6b   .,.(.$.........k
0040 - 00 6a 00 39 00 38 00 88-00 87 c0 32 c0 2e c0 2a   .j.9.8.....2...*
0050 - c0 26 c0 0f c0 05 00 9d-00 3d 00 35 00 84 c0 2f   .&.......=.5.../
0060 - c0 2b c0 27 c0 23 c0 13-c0 09 00 a2 00 9e 00 67   .+.'.#.........g
0070 - 00 40 00 33 00 32 00 9a-00 99 00 45 00 44 c0 31   .@.3.2.....E.D.1
0080 - c0 2d c0 29 c0 25 c0 0e-c0 04 00 9c 00 3c 00 2f   .-.).%.......<./
0090 - 00 96 00 41 00 07 c0 11-c0 07 c0 0c c0 02 00 05   ...A............
00a0 - 00 04 c0 12 c0 08 00 16-00 13 c0 0d c0 03 00 0a   ................
00b0 - 00 15 00 12 00 09 00 ff-01 00 00 6d 00 0b 00 04   ...........m....
00c0 - 03 00 01 02 00 0a 00 34-00 32 00 0e 00 0d 00 19   .......4.2......
00d0 - 00 0b 00 0c 00 18 00 09-00 0a 00 16 00 17 00 08   ................
00e0 - 00 06 00 07 00 14 00 15-00 04 00 05 00 12 00 13   ................
00f0 - 00 01 00 02 00 03 00 0f-00 10 00 11 00 23 00 00   .............#..
0100 - 00 0d 00 20 00 1e 06 01-06 02 06 03 05 01 05 02   ... ............
0110 - 05 03 04 01 04 02 04 03-03 01 03 02 03 03 02 01   ................
0120 - 02 02 02 03 00 0f 00 01-01                        .........
>>> TLS 1.2 Handshake [length 0124], ClientHello
    01 00 01 20 03 03 16 f2 71 5f 26 a5 9b 64 cb 8f
    0b 27 65 8d a3 54 e6 de a5 18 7a 3c 5a e4 08 ab
    ff 6a 92 d7 45 f3 00 00 8a c0 30 c0 2c c0 28 c0
    24 c0 14 c0 0a 00 a3 00 9f 00 6b 00 6a 00 39 00
    38 00 88 00 87 c0 32 c0 2e c0 2a c0 26 c0 0f c0
    05 00 9d 00 3d 00 35 00 84 c0 2f c0 2b c0 27 c0
    23 c0 13 c0 09 00 a2 00 9e 00 67 00 40 00 33 00
    32 00 9a 00 99 00 45 00 44 c0 31 c0 2d c0 29 c0
    25 c0 0e c0 04 00 9c 00 3c 00 2f 00 96 00 41 00
    07 c0 11 c0 07 c0 0c c0 02 00 05 00 04 c0 12 c0
    08 00 16 00 13 c0 0d c0 03 00 0a 00 15 00 12 00
    09 00 ff 01 00 00 6d 00 0b 00 04 03 00 01 02 00
    0a 00 34 00 32 00 0e 00 0d 00 19 00 0b 00 0c 00
    18 00 09 00 0a 00 16 00 17 00 08 00 06 00 07 00
    14 00 15 00 04 00 05 00 12 00 13 00 01 00 02 00
    03 00 0f 00 10 00 11 00 23 00 00 00 0d 00 20 00
    1e 06 01 06 02 06 03 05 01 05 02 05 03 04 01 04
    02 04 03 03 01 03 02 03 03 02 01 02 02 02 03 00
    0f 00 01 01
read from 0x6e13e8 [0x735ff8] (7 bytes => 7 (0x7))
0000 - 16 03 03 00 57 02                                 ....W.
0007 - <SPACES/NULS>
read from 0x6e13e8 [0x736002] (85 bytes => 85 (0x55))
0000 - 00 53 03 03 56 bb 11 21-1a ac 49 84 2d be 94 ad   .S..V..!..I.-...
0010 - a0 c4 57 46 bc 70 d0 84-95 ce 96 c6 8c 92 07 2e   ..WF.p..........
0020 - 4e 13 d6 f3 20 aa d7 86-ca 48 5e 01 a1 8c d3 f1   N... ....H^.....
0030 - d7 74 f9 2c 84 48 7d c1-95 6d 22 81 ff 53 ab d3   .t.,.H}..m"..S..
0040 - 0c 89 81 7d a2 00 3d 00-00 0b 00 0b 00 02 01 00   ...}..=.........
0050 - ff 01 00 01                                       ....
0055 - <SPACES/NULS>
<<< TLS 1.2 Handshake [length 0057], ServerHello
    02 00 00 53 03 03 56 bb 11 21 1a ac 49 84 2d be
    94 ad a0 c4 57 46 bc 70 d0 84 95 ce 96 c6 8c 92
    07 2e 4e 13 d6 f3 20 aa d7 86 ca 48 5e 01 a1 8c
    d3 f1 d7 74 f9 2c 84 48 7d c1 95 6d 22 81 ff 53
    ab d3 0c 89 81 7d a2 00 3d 00 00 0b 00 0b 00 02
    01 00 ff 01 00 01 00
read from 0x6e13e8 [0x735ffb] (5 bytes => 5 (0x5))
// etc.

但是，当我使用 OpenSSL 1.0.2f 连接时，服务器会立即关闭连接:

CONNECTED(00000300)
write to 0x7812d0 [0x7ceef0] (317 bytes => 317 (0x13D))
0000 - 16 03 01 01 38 01 00 01-34 03 03 45 1c 09 c2 2e   ....8...4..E....
0010 - 46 06 85 a1 01 fd 0a 2c-bb 6f 15 10 42 74 b3 bf   F......,.o..Bt..
0020 - 9f 2e 5c 00 9f f2 93 8e-c0 18 9c 00 00 b6 c0 30   ..\............0
0030 - c0 2c c0 28 c0 24 c0 14-c0 0a 00 a5 00 a3 00 a1   .,.(.$..........
0040 - 00 9f 00 6b 00 6a 00 69-00 68 00 39 00 38 00 37   ...k.j.i.h.9.8.7
0050 - 00 36 00 88 00 87 00 86-00 85 c0 32 c0 2e c0 2a   .6.........2...*
0060 - c0 26 c0 0f c0 05 00 9d-00 3d 00 35 00 84 c0 2f   .&.......=.5.../
0070 - c0 2b c0 27 c0 23 c0 13-c0 09 00 a4 00 a2 00 a0   .+.'.#..........
0080 - 00 9e 00 67 00 40 00 3f-00 3e 00 33 00 32 00 31   ...g.@.?.>.3.2.1
0090 - 00 30 00 9a 00 99 00 98-00 97 00 45 00 44 00 43   .0.........E.D.C
00a0 - 00 42 c0 31 c0 2d c0 29-c0 25 c0 0e c0 04 00 9c   .B.1.-.).%......
00b0 - 00 3c 00 2f 00 96 00 41-00 07 c0 11 c0 07 c0 0c   .<./...A........
00c0 - c0 02 00 05 00 04 c0 12-c0 08 00 16 00 13 00 10   ................
00d0 - 00 0d c0 0d c0 03 00 0a-00 15 00 12 00 0f 00 0c   ................
00e0 - 00 09 00 ff 01 00 00 55-00 0b 00 04 03 00 01 02   .......U........
00f0 - 00 0a 00 1c 00 1a 00 17-00 19 00 1c 00 1b 00 18   ................
0100 - 00 1a 00 16 00 0e 00 0d-00 0b 00 0c 00 09 00 0a   ................
0110 - 00 23 00 00 00 0d 00 20-00 1e 06 01 06 02 06 03   .#..... ........
0120 - 05 01 05 02 05 03 04 01-04 02 04 03 03 01 03 02   ................
0130 - 03 03 02 01 02 02 02 03-00 0f 00 01 01            .............
>>> TLS 1.2  [length 0005]
    16 03 01 01 38
>>> TLS 1.2 Handshake [length 0138], ClientHello
    01 00 01 34 03 03 45 1c 09 c2 2e 46 06 85 a1 01
    fd 0a 2c bb 6f 15 10 42 74 b3 bf 9f 2e 5c 00 9f
    f2 93 8e c0 18 9c 00 00 b6 c0 30 c0 2c c0 28 c0
    24 c0 14 c0 0a 00 a5 00 a3 00 a1 00 9f 00 6b 00
    6a 00 69 00 68 00 39 00 38 00 37 00 36 00 88 00
    87 00 86 00 85 c0 32 c0 2e c0 2a c0 26 c0 0f c0
    05 00 9d 00 3d 00 35 00 84 c0 2f c0 2b c0 27 c0
    23 c0 13 c0 09 00 a4 00 a2 00 a0 00 9e 00 67 00
    40 00 3f 00 3e 00 33 00 32 00 31 00 30 00 9a 00
    99 00 98 00 97 00 45 00 44 00 43 00 42 c0 31 c0
    2d c0 29 c0 25 c0 0e c0 04 00 9c 00 3c 00 2f 00
    96 00 41 00 07 c0 11 c0 07 c0 0c c0 02 00 05 00
    04 c0 12 c0 08 00 16 00 13 00 10 00 0d c0 0d c0
    03 00 0a 00 15 00 12 00 0f 00 0c 00 09 00 ff 01
    00 00 55 00 0b 00 04 03 00 01 02 00 0a 00 1c 00
    1a 00 17 00 19 00 1c 00 1b 00 18 00 1a 00 16 00
    0e 00 0d 00 0b 00 0c 00 09 00 0a 00 23 00 00 00
    0d 00 20 00 1e 06 01 06 02 06 03 05 01 05 02 05
    03 04 01 04 02 04 03 03 01 03 02 03 03 02 01 02
    02 02 03 00 0f 00 01 01
read from 0x7812d0 [0x7d4450] (7 bytes => 0 (0x0))
10124:error:140790E5:SSL routines:ssl23_write:ssl handshake failure:.\ssl\s23_lib.c:177:
---
no peer certificate available
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 0 bytes and written 317 bytes
---
New, (NONE), Cipher is (NONE)
Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.2
    Cipher    : 0000
    Session-ID:
    Session-ID-ctx:
    Master-Key:
    Key-Arg   : None
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    Start Time: 1455100247
    Timeout   : 300 (sec)
    Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---

我想没有人会说话 ClientHello足以告诉我区别是什么，以及如何让 OpenSSL 1.0.2f 像旧版本一样运行(即使它不安全；我不控制服务器)。

我用 Wireshark 检查了这两个跟踪，我能看到的唯一显着差异是 OpenSSL 1.0.2 的 ClientHello 数据包被 Wireshark 识别为“SSL”，并且记录层是 SSL:

而 OpenSSL 1.0.1 被标识为 TLS 1.2。它的密码套件也更少(我猜他们删除了一些不安全的？)。

我尝试了以下组合，这些是 Wireshark 在“协议(protocol)”列中标记它们的方式:

• 1.0.1: <no options> =TLSv1.2; -ssl2 =SSLv2； -ssl3 =SSLv3； -tls1_2 =TLSv1.2
• 1.0.2: <no options> =SSL; -ssl2 =SSLv2； -ssl3 =SSLv3； -tls1_2 =SSL

任何想法:

1. 为什么 Wireshark 以不同方式解码 1.0.1 和 1.0.2？
2. 为什么与 1.0.2 的连接失败？
3. 如何让 OpenSSL 1.0.2 的行为像 1.0.1 一样？

Answer 1

Why Wireshark decodes 1.0.1 and 1.0.2 differently?

参见 SSL Record Layer vs SSLv3 Record Layer在 Wireshark 问答公告板上和 Secure Socket Layer (SSL)在 Wireshark 维基上。

Why the connection is failing with 1.0.2?

看起来像一个错误的服务器拒绝了一个不是早期的记录层，就像在 SSLv3 中使用的那样。

记录层就是……它指定了记录层的版本，简单来说就是SSL/TLS协议(protocol)消息的分帧。它不是许多人认为的MIN-TLS-VERSION。

TLS协议(protocol)版本就是……它指定了SSL/TLS协议(protocol)的版本。它不是许多人认为的MAX-TLS-VERSION。

How I can get OpenSSL 1.0.2 to behave like 1.0.1?

在您的客户端中使用以下内容，但并不完全相同。 OpenSSL 客户端将做正确的事情并选择 TLS 1.2(如果可用):

/* Uses the early record layer for downlevel servers */
const SSL_METHOD* method = SSLv23_method();
if(NULL == method) handleFailure();

ctx = SSL_CTX_new(method);
if(ctx == NULL) handleFailure();

/* Cannot fail ??? */
const long flags = SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3 | SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1 | SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1 | SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION;
SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, flags);

我检查了 OpenSSL 1.0.2 的 ssl/ssl.h，SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1 和 SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1 都可用。

对于 OpenSSL Master(即 OpenSSL 1.1.0 及更高版本)，有一种不同的方法；见Working around servers requiring SSL 2/3 record layer, and using TLS 1.2?

---

... [OpenSSL 1.0.2] also has fewer cipher suites (I guess they removed some insecure ones?).

您不应该让密码套件碰运气。您应该执行以下操作:

const char* const PREFERRED_CIPHERS = "HIGH:!aNULL:!kRSA:!PSK:!SRP:!MD5:!RC4";
res = SSL_set_cipher_list(ssl, PREFERRED_CIPHERS);
if(res != 1) handleFailure();

!PSK 和 !SRP 只是删除不常用的密码套件。 !MD5 和 !RC4 已为服务器移除，以帮助避免 Obsolete cryptography warning from Browser .

您甚至可以执行以下操作:

const char* const PREFERRED_CIPHERS =
    "ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:"
    "ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:"
    "ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:"
    "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:"
    "DHE-DSS-AES256-GCM-SHA384:"
    "DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:"
    "DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256:"
    "DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256";

res = SSL_set_cipher_list(ssl, PREFERRED_CIPHERS);
if(res != 1) handleFailure();

请务必始终提供 AES/GCM 密码套件，因为随着服务器配置转向仅 TLS 1.2 配置，这是他们通常选择的密码套件。

此外，每个密码套件在 ClientHello 中占用字节数，您希望最小化它们的数量。您希望将它们最小化，因为一些较旧的代理和拦截盒为客户端的 ClientHello 使用固定大小的缓冲区，并且它们无法处理 TLS 1.2 中可用的密码套件选项的激增。较旧的盒子包括 F5 和 Ironport 中间件。