android - 使用 Robolectric 3.0 测试 fragment 的 View

Question

在我的应用程序中，我有一个登录名和一个注册 fragment 。我想测试他们的观点，即编辑文本是否有提示，以及他们的按钮。我将通过包含两个编辑文本和一个按钮的登录 fragment 放在这里。还有一个网络服务，但我稍后会测试它。

public class LoginFragment extends Fragment {

Button loginButton;
EditText etName,etPass;
String login_name;
String login_pass;
private SessionManager session;
TextView forgotPassBtn;

public LoginFragment() {
    // Required empty public constructor
}

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                         Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    // Inflate the layout for this fragment

    View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_login, container, false);
    Toolbar myToolbar = (Toolbar) v.findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
    ((AppCompatActivity)getActivity()).setSupportActionBar(myToolbar);
    setHasOptionsMenu(true);
    etName = (EditText)v.findViewById(R.id.user_name);
    etPass = (EditText)v.findViewById(R.id.user_pass);
    loginButton = (Button) v.findViewById(R.id.loginButton);

    login_name = etName.getText().toString();
    login_pass = etName.getText().toString();

    forgotPassBtn = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.forgotPass);

    session = new SessionManager(getActivity());

    if (session.isLoggedIn()) {
        // User is already logged in. Take him to main activity
        Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), Welcome.class);
        startActivity(intent);
        getActivity().finish();
    }
    loginButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View view) {
            login_name = etName.getText().toString();
            login_pass = etPass.getText().toString();

            SharedPreferences settings = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(getActivity());
            SharedPreferences.Editor editor = settings.edit();

            if(login_name.isEmpty() && login_pass.isEmpty()) {
                Toast.makeText(getActivity(),"Username η κωδικός είναι κενό",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }else {
                editor.putString("id", "");
                editor.putString("user_name", login_name);
                editor.putString("user_pass", login_pass);
                editor.commit();

                loginUser(login_name, login_pass);
            }
        }
    });
   return v;

}



private void loginUser(final String userName,
                       final String password) {
    /*
    Tag used to cancel the request
    HttpsTrustManager.sssMethod();
    */
    String tag_string_req = "req_register";


    StringRequest strReq = new StringRequest(Request.Method.POST,
            Config.URL_LOGIN, new Response.Listener<String>() {

        @Override
        public void onResponse(String response) {
            Log.d("Response", "Register Response: " + response.toString());

            try {
                JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(response);
                if (jsonObject.getString("result").equals("success")) {
                    session.setLogin(true);
                    Toast.makeText(getActivity(), jsonObject.getString("message"), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(),
                            Welcome.class);
                    startActivity(intent);
                    getActivity().finish();
                }

                else if (jsonObject.getString("result").equals("fail")) {

                    Toast.makeText(getActivity(),jsonObject.getString("message"), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

                }

            }catch(JSONException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            // Launch login activity


            //Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "User successfully registered. Try login now!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

        }


    }, new Response.ErrorListener() {

        @Override
        public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
            Log.e("Error", "Registration Error: " + error.getMessage());
            Toast.makeText(getActivity(),
                    error.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

        }
    }) {

        @Override
        protected Map<String, String> getParams() {
            // Posting params to register url
            Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
            //params.put("id","");
            params.put("user_name", userName);
            params.put("user_pass", password);

            return params;
        }

    };

    // Adding request to request queue
    AppController.getInstance().addToRequestQueue(strReq, tag_string_req);
}

现在我正在使用 Robolectric 进行一些测试。

@RunWith(RobolectricGradleTestRunner.class)
@Config(constants = BuildConfig.class,sdk = 21)
public class LoginFragmentTest {
MainActivity activity;
Button loginButton;

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
    activity = Robolectric.setupActivity(MainActivity.class);
    loginButton = getButton(activity,R.id.registerBtn);
}

@Test
public void loginFragmentShouldNotBeNull(){
    LoginFragment loginFragment = new LoginFragment();
    startFragment(loginFragment, AppCompatActivity.class);
    assertNotNull(loginFragment);

}


@Test
public void shouldHaveUserNameEntry() throws Exception{
    EditText nameEntry = getEditText(activity,R.id.user_name);
    assertViewIsVisible(nameEntry);
    assertThat(nameEntry.getHint().toString(),equalTo(ResourceLocator.getString(R.string.login_username)));
}

getEditText 方法在另一个类中定义。

public class ViewLocator {
public static TextView getTextView(Activity activity, int viewId){
    return ((TextView)activity.findViewById(viewId));
}
public static EditText getEditText(Activity activity, int viewId){
    return ((EditText)activity.findViewById(viewId));
}
public static Button getButton(Activity activity, int viewId){
    return ((Button) activity.findViewById(viewId));
}

当我运行 LoginFragmentTest 时，我在 shouldHaveUserNameEntry() 方法上遇到错误

java.lang.NullPointerException
at team.football.ael.LoginFragmentTest.shouldHaveUserNameEntry(LoginFragmentTest.java:50)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$HelperTestRunner$1.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:527)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$2.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:265)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.runChild(RobolectricTestRunner.java:191)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.runChild(RobolectricTestRunner.java:56)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$1.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:157)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:234)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:74)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)

关于如何成功测试编辑 TextView 的任何想法？

        assertViewIsVisible(nameEntry);

通过。错误出现在

        assertThat(nameEntry.getHint().toString(),equalTo(ResourceLocator.getString(R.string.login_username)));

谢谢，

西奥。

Answer 1

在这里，您将登录 fragment 添加到由 startFragment 方法初始化的 AppCompactActivity

@Test
public void loginFragmentShouldNotBeNull() {
 LoginFragment loginFragment = new LoginFragment();
 startFragment(loginFragment, AppCompatActivity.class);
 assertNotNull(loginFragment);   
}

然后您尝试在 mainActivity 上查找 user_name 字段。您将 fragment 添加到 AppCompatActivity 而不是 MainActivity(我想您是在 MainActivity 中动态添加 fragment )。所以EditText不存在

@Test
public void shouldHaveUserNameEntry() throws Exception {
EditText nameEntry = getEditText(activity,R.id.user_name);
assertViewIsVisible(nameEntry);
            assertThat(nameEntry.getHint().toString(),equalTo(ResourceLocator.getString(R.string.login_username)));
}

我认为您不需要测试 MainActivity。您可以使用 SupportFragmentTestUtil 中的 startVisibleFragment 方法在 AppCompatActivity 上初始化您的 fragment

@RunWith(RobolectricGradleTestRunner.class)
@Config(constants = BuildConfig.class,sdk = 21)
public class LoginFragmentTest {

private LoginFragment mLoginFragment = new LoginFragment();

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
    SupportFragmentTestUtil.startVisibleFragment(mLoginFragment);
}

@Test
public void shouldHaveUserNameEntry() throws Exception{
    EditText nameEntry = mLoginFragment.getActivity().findViewById(R.id.user_name);
    assertViewIsVisible(nameEntry);
    assertThat(nameEntry.getHint().toString(),equalTo(RuntimeEnvironment.application.getResources().getString(R.string.login_username)));
}