android - 如何从 Android 中的帮助类初始化一次 sqlite 数据库

Question

我有一个扩展 SQLiteOpenHelper 的自定义 DataBaseHelper 类，它看起来像这样:

package com.stampii.stampii.comm.rpc;


import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;

public class DataBaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{

    private static SQLiteDatabase sqliteDb;
    private static DataBaseHelper instance;
    private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
    // the default database path is :
    // /data/data/pkgNameOfYourApplication/databases/
    private static String DB_PATH_PREFIX = "/data/data/";
    private static String DB_PATH_SUFFIX = "/databases/";
    private static final String TAG = "DataBaseHelper";
    private Context context;

    /***
     * Contructor
     * 
     * @param context
     *            : app context
     * @param name
     *            : database name
     * @param factory
     *            : cursor Factory
     * @param version
     *            : DB version
     */
    public DataBaseHelper(Context context, String name,
                    CursorFactory factory, int version) {
            super(context, name, factory, version);
            this.context = context;
            Log.i(TAG, "Create or Open database : " + name);
    }

    /***
     * Initialize method
     * 
     * @param context
     *            : application context
     * @param databaseName
     *            : database name
     */
    public static  void initialize(Context context, String databaseName) {
            if (instance == null) {
                    /**
                     * Try to check if there is an Original copy of DB in asset
                     * Directory
                     */
                    if (!checkDatabase(context, databaseName)) {
                            // if not exists, I try to copy from asset dir
                            try {
                                copyDataBase(context, databaseName);
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                    Log.e(TAG,"Database "+ databaseName+" does not exists and there is no Original Version in Asset dir");
                            }
                    }

                    Log.i(TAG, "Try to create instance of database (" + databaseName
                                    + ")");
                    instance = new DataBaseHelper(context, databaseName,
                                    null, DATABASE_VERSION);
                    sqliteDb = instance.getWritableDatabase();
                    Log.i(TAG, "instance of database (" + databaseName + ") created !");
            }
    }

    /***
     * Static method for getting singleton instance
     * 
     * @param context
     *            : application context
     * @param databaseName
     *            : database name
     * @return : singleton instance
     */
    public static final DataBaseHelper getInstance(
                    Context context, String databaseName) {
            initialize(context, databaseName);
            return instance;
    }

    /***
     * Method to get database instance
     * 
     * @return database instance
     */
    public SQLiteDatabase getDatabase() {
            return sqliteDb;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onCreate : nothing to do");

    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onUpgrade : nothing to do");

    }

    /***
     * Method for Copy the database from asset directory to application's data
     * directory
     * 
     * @param databaseName
     *            : database name
     * @throws IOException
     *             : exception if file does not exists
     */
    public void copyDataBase(String databaseName) throws IOException {
            copyDataBase(context, databaseName);
    }

    /***
     * Static method for copy the database from asset directory to application's
     * data directory
     * 
     * @param aContext
     *            : application context
     * @param databaseName
     *            : database name
     * @throws IOException
     *             : exception if file does not exists
     */
    private static void copyDataBase(Context aContext, String databaseName)
                    throws IOException {

            // Open your local db as the input stream
            InputStream myInput = aContext.getAssets().open(databaseName);

            // Path to the just created empty db
            String outFileName = getDatabasePath(aContext, databaseName);

            Log.i(TAG, "Check if create dir : " + DB_PATH_PREFIX
                            + aContext.getPackageName() + DB_PATH_SUFFIX);

            // if the path doesn't exist first, create it
            File f = new File(DB_PATH_PREFIX + aContext.getPackageName()
                            + DB_PATH_SUFFIX);
            if (!f.exists())
                    f.mkdir();

            Log.i(TAG, "Trying to copy local DB to : " + outFileName);

            // Open the empty db as the output stream
            OutputStream myOutput = new FileOutputStream(outFileName);

            // transfer bytes from the inputfile to the outputfile
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int length;
            while ((length = myInput.read(buffer)) > 0) {
                    myOutput.write(buffer, 0, length);
            }

            // Close the streams
            myOutput.flush();
            myOutput.close();
            myInput.close();

            Log.i(TAG, "DB (" + databaseName + ") copied!");
    }

    /***
     * Method to check if database exists in application's data directory
     * 
     * @param databaseName
     *            : database name
     * @return : boolean (true if exists)
     */
    public boolean checkDatabase(String databaseName) {
            return checkDatabase(context, databaseName);
    }

    /***
     * Static Method to check if database exists in application's data directory
     * 
     * @param aContext
     *            : application context
     * @param databaseName
     *            : database name
     * @return : boolean (true if exists)
     */
    private static boolean checkDatabase(Context aContext, String databaseName) {
            SQLiteDatabase checkDB = null;

            try {
                    String myPath = getDatabasePath(aContext, databaseName);

                    Log.i(TAG, "Trying to conntect to : " + myPath);
                    checkDB = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(myPath, null,
                                    SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READONLY);
                    Log.i(TAG, "Database " + databaseName + " found!");
                    checkDB.close();
            } catch (SQLiteException e) {
                    Log.i(TAG, "Database " + databaseName + " does not exists!");

            }

            return checkDB != null ? true : false;
    }

    /***
     * Method that returns database path in the application's data directory
     * 
     * @param databaseName
     *            : database name
     * @return : complete path
     */
    private String getDatabasePath(final String databaseName) {
            return getDatabasePath(context, databaseName);
    }

    /***
     * Static Method that returns database path in the application's data
     * directory
     * 
     * @param aContext
     *            : application context
     * @param databaseName
     *            : database name
     * @return : complete path
     */
    private static String getDatabasePath(Context aContext, String databaseName) {
            return DB_PATH_PREFIX + aContext.getPackageName() + DB_PATH_SUFFIX
                            + databaseName;
    }

    public boolean executeQuery(String tableName,String keys,String value){
        return execQuery(tableName,keys,value);
    }

    private static boolean execQuery(String tableName,String key,String value){
        sqliteDb = instance.getWritableDatabase();
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put(key, value);
        sqliteDb.insert(tableName, null, values);

        return true;

    }

    public boolean updateSQL(String tableName,String key,String value){
        return updateData(tableName,key,value); 
    }

    private static boolean updateData(String tableName,String key,String value){
        sqliteDb = instance.getWritableDatabase();
        String where = "code_id=?";
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put(key, value);
        values.put(key, value);
        sqliteDb.update(tableName, values, where, new String[] {"3"});
        return true;
    }

    public boolean deleteSQL(String tableName){
        return deleteData(tableName);
    }

    private static boolean deleteData(String tableName){
        sqliteDb = instance.getWritableDatabase();
        String where = "code_id=?";
        sqliteDb.delete(tableName, where, new String[] {"5"});
        return true;
    }

    public Cursor executeSQLQuery(String query){
        return sqliteDb.rawQuery(query,null);
    }

}

我的问题是:我怎样才能只初始化一次数据库并可以从我的所有 Activity 中访问它？ (提示:我的 assets 文件夹中有 sqlite 文件，当应用启动时，我将其复制到我的系统数据库文件夹。)

提前致谢!

编辑: 我忘了说我的应用程序中有 2 个不同的 sqlite 数据库，我希望能够为整个应用程序初始化它们并可以使用它们。这就是我正在尝试做:

DataBaseHelper dbHelper;
//some code
dbHelper = new DataBaseHelper(context, "ops_sys_tpl.sqlite", null, 1);
        DataBaseHelper.initialize(context, "stampii_sys_tpl.sqlite");

        dbHelper.copyDataBase("ops_sys_tpl.sqlite");

        dbHelper.getDatabase();
        dbHelper.executeQuery("users", "objectId", "2");
        dbHelper.executeQuery("users","serverName","stampii");
        dbHelper.executeQuery("users", "objectId", "3");
        dbHelper.executeQuery("users","serverName","stampii");
        dbHelper.executeQuery("users", "objectId", "3");

Answer 1

像这样只创建一次实例，您可以在数据库处理程序类中添加相同的代码，但我更愿意将其分开。

public class MyTestDatabaseInstanceHolder {

    public MyTestDBHandler DBHelper;  
    public static SQLiteDatabase m_ObjDataBase; // This is global variable to access across the applicaiton

    public static void createDBInstance(Context pContext){
        if(DBHelper == null) {
            DBHelper = new WLDBHandler(pContext); // This will be your DB Handler Class
            m_cObjDataBase = DBHelper.openAndCreateDataBase(); // Initialze the DB Note: openAndCreateDataBase is a utility method created by you to do everything an return the DB object
        }
      }
}

在您的入口点(启动画面)中调用:

MyTestDatabaseInstanceHolder.createDBInstance(getApplicationContext());

用法 - 一些其他类:

MyTestDatabaseInstanceHolder.m_ObjDataBase.rawQuery(---);