php - 如何修复 SSL 证书验证失败

Question

我在本地使用 PHPMailer 以及 Apache 和 PHP。当我测试我的 SSL 配置和我的 cacerts 时，我得到了

default_cert_file = C:\Program Files\Common Files\SSL/cert.pem
default_cert_file_env = SSL_CERT_FILE
default_cert_dir = C:\Program Files\Common Files\SSL/certs
default_cert_dir_env = SSL_CERT_DIR
default_private_dir = C:\Program Files\Common Files\SSL/private
default_default_cert_area = C:\Program Files\Common Files\SSL
ini_cafile = 
ini_capath = 

然后，我做

 var_dump(fsockopen("smtp.gmail.com", 465, $errno, $errstr, 3.0));
 var_dump($errno);
 var_dump($errstr);

我明白了

fsockopen resource(2) of type (stream) int(0) string(0) "" 

在我的 php.ini我有curl.cainfo = C:/php/cacert.pem在curl部分并且它有效。

但是当我尝试使用 PHPMailer 从本地主机发送邮件时，我不断收到

SSL operation failed with code 1. OpenSSL Error messages:error:1416F086:SSL routines:tls_process_server_certificate:certificate verify failed 
Failed to enable crypto
unable to connect to ssl://smtp.gmail.com:465 (Unknown error)

我还去了 SMTP 中使用的帐户，在 https://accounts.google.com/DisplayUnlockCaptcha并启用它。和https://myaccount.google.com/lesssecureapps?pli=1并启用安全性较低的应用程序。我想这是一个 SSL 错误而不是 PHPMailer。坦率地说，我很困惑不知道如何解决它。请原谅我的无知，任何关于出了什么问题以及如何解决它的帮助都会很棒。

PS，这是我发送邮件的 php 文件。谢谢

<?php
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception;    
require 'C:/php/PHPMailer/src/Exception.php';
require 'C:/php/PHPMailer/src/PHPMailer.php';
require 'C:/php/PHPMailer/src/SMTP.php';

$mail = new PHPMailer(true);                             
try {

    $mail->SMTPDebug = 3;
    $mail->isSMTP();                                      
    $mail->Host = 'smtp.gmail.com'; 
    $mail->SMTPAuth = true;                               
    $mail->Username = 'slevin@gmail.com';                 
    $mail->Password = 'secret';                           
    $mail->SMTPSecure = 'ssl';                            
    $mail->Port = 465;                                    

    //Recipients
    $mail->setFrom('slevin@gmail.com');
    $mail->addAddress('jacob@gmail.com');     


    //Content
    $mail->isHTML(true);                                 
    $mail->Subject = 'subject';
    $mail->Body    = 'HTML message body <b>in bold!</b>';
    $mail->AltBody = 'body in plain text';

    $mail->send();
    echo 'Message has been sent';
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo 'Message could not be sent.';
    echo 'Mailer Error: ' . $mail->ErrorInfo;
}            
?>

更新

当我尝试使用 $mail->SMTPSecure = 'ssl'; 时和 $mail->Port = 465;我明白了

2017-10-01 13:04:25 Connection: opening to ssl://smtp.gmail.com:465, timeout=300, options=array()
2017-10-01 13:04:26 Connection failed. Error #2: stream_socket_client(): SSL operation failed with code 1. OpenSSL Error messages:error:1416F086:SSL routines:tls_process_server_certificate:certificate verify failed [C:\php\PHPMailer\src\SMTP.php line 324]
2017-10-01 13:04:26 Connection failed. Error #2: stream_socket_client(): Failed to enable crypto [C:\php\PHPMailer\src\SMTP.php line 324]
2017-10-01 13:04:26 Connection failed. Error #2: stream_socket_client(): unable to connect to ssl://smtp.gmail.com:465 (Unknown error) [C:\php\PHPMailer\src\SMTP.php line 324]
2017-10-01 13:04:26 SMTP ERROR: Failed to connect to server: (0)
SMTP connect() failed. https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer/wiki/Troubleshooting
Message could not be sent.Mailer Error: SMTP connect() failed. https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer/wiki/Troubleshooting

当我尝试使用 $mail->SMTPSecure = 'tls'; 时和 $mail->Port = 587;我明白了

2017-10-01 13:07:20 Connection: opening to smtp.gmail.com:587, timeout=300, options=array()
2017-10-01 13:07:21 Connection: opened
2017-10-01 13:07:21 SERVER -> CLIENT: 220 smtp.gmail.com ESMTP l4sm5217189wrb.74 - gsmtp
2017-10-01 13:07:21 CLIENT -> SERVER: EHLO localhost
2017-10-01 13:07:21 SERVER -> CLIENT: 250-smtp.gmail.com at your service, [85.75.196.114]250-SIZE 35882577250-8BITMIME250-STARTTLS250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES250-PIPELINING250 SMTPUTF8
2017-10-01 13:07:21 CLIENT -> SERVER: STARTTLS
2017-10-01 13:07:21 SERVER -> CLIENT: 220 2.0.0 Ready to start TLS
2017-10-01 13:07:21 Connection failed. Error #2: stream_socket_enable_crypto(): SSL operation failed with code 1. OpenSSL Error messages:error:1416F086:SSL routines:tls_process_server_certificate:certificate verify failed [C:\php\PHPMailer\src\SMTP.php line 403]
SMTP Error: Could not connect to SMTP host.
2017-10-01 13:07:21 CLIENT -> SERVER: QUIT
2017-10-01 13:07:21 SERVER -> CLIENT: 
2017-10-01 13:07:21 SMTP ERROR: QUIT command failed: 
2017-10-01 13:07:21 Connection: closed
SMTP Error: Could not connect to SMTP host.
Message could not be sent.Mailer Error: SMTP Error: Could not connect to SMTP host.

Answer 1

只是有同样的错误信息，也许你遇到了同样的问题:

• 我的证书很好(我可以毫无问题地访问 HTTPS 域)
• 不能通过 PHP 的 stream_context_create 和 stream_socket_client 运行相同的请求
• 我要检查 SSL 证书

通过返回的 cURL 测试同一个域:

curl: (60) SSL 证书问题:证书尚未生效

原来我运行 PHP 和 cURL 的虚拟机有 11 天的错误(12 月 11 日而不是 12 月 22 日)。

通过修复计算机/虚拟机的日期(使用ntp、ntpdate-debian 等)，证书测试现在可以正常运行, 在 cURL 命令行或 PHP 中。