Python 类 : method has same name as property

Question

我正在构建一个类，Heating。此类的每个实例都具有“温度”属性。 Heating 还必须支持将属性“温度”打印为整数的方法 temperature()。

当我调用方法 temperature() 时，出现错误

'int' object is not callable because self.temperature is already defined as an integer.

我该如何解决？

代码:

class Heating:
    """
    >>> machine1 = Heating('radiator kitchen', temperature=20)
    >>> machine2 = Heating('radiator living', minimum=15, temperature=18)
    >>> machine3 = Heating('radiator bathroom', temperature=22, minimum=18, maximum=28)
    >>> print(machine1)
    radiator kitchen: current temperature: 20.0; allowed min: 0.0; allowed max: 100.0
    >>> machine2
    Heating('radiator living', 18.0, 15.0, 100.0)
    >>> machine2.changeTemperature(8)
    >>> machine2.temperature()
    26.0
    >>> machine3.changeTemperature(-5)
    >>> machine3
    Heating('radiator bathroom', 18.0, 18.0, 28.0)
    """
    def __init__(self, name, temperature = 10, minimum = 0, maximum = 100):
        self.name = name
        self.temperature = temperature
        self.minimum = minimum
        self.maximum = maximum

    def __str__(self):
        return '{0}: current temperature: {1:.1f}; allowed min: {2:.1f}; allowed max: {3:.1f}'.format(self.name, self.temperature, self.minimum, self.maximum)

    def __repr__(self):
        return 'Heating(\'{0}\', {1:.1f}, {2:.1f}, {3:.1f})'.format(self.name, self.temperature, self.minimum, self.maximum)

    def changeTemperature(self, increment):
        self.temperature += increment

        if self.temperature < self.minimum:
            self.temperature = self.minimum

        if self.temperature > self.maximum:
            self.temperature = self.maximum

    def temperature(self):
        return self.temperature


# Test of the program
if __name__ == '__main__':
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()

Answer 1

方法和属性不能同名。方法也是属性，尽管是您可以调用的属性。

只需将属性重命名为其他名称即可。您可以使用 _temperature:

def __init__(self, name, temperature = 10, minimum = 0, maximum = 100):
    self.name = name
    self._temperature = temperature
    self.minimum = minimum
    self.maximum = maximum

def __str__(self):
    return '{0}: current temperature: {1:.1f}; allowed min: {2:.1f}; allowed max: {3:.1f}'.format(self.name, self._temperature, self.minimum, self.maximum)

def __repr__(self):
    return 'Heating(\'{0}\', {1:.1f}, {2:.1f}, {3:.1f})'.format(self.name, self._temperature, self.minimum, self.maximum)

def changeTemperature(self, increment):
    self._temperature += increment

    if self.temperature < self.minimum:
        self._temperature = self.minimum

    if self.temperature > self.maximum:
        self._temperature = self.maximum

def temperature(self):
    return self._temperature

现在你的类有 _temperature(整数)和 temperature()(方法)；后者返回前者。