java - 如何在 java 中设置 SSL 协议(protocol)版本？我怎么知道是哪一个？ javax.net.ssl.SSLException : Received fatal alert: protocol_version 异常

Question

我正在使用 Apache HttpClient 4.3 与 hubic.com 的 API 交互。我的最小可重现示例只是一个衬垫:

HttpClientBuilder.create().build().execute(new HttpGet("https://hubic.com"));

然而抛出:

Exception in thread "main" javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: protocol_version
    at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:208)
    at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:154)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.recvAlert(SSLSocketImpl.java:1991)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:1104)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1343)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1371)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1355)
    at org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory.createLayeredSocket(SSLConnectionSocketFactory.java:275)
    at org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory.connectSocket(SSLConnectionSocketFactory.java:254)
    at org.apache.http.impl.conn.HttpClientConnectionOperator.connect(HttpClientConnectionOperator.java:117)
    at org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager.connect(PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager.java:314)
    at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.MainClientExec.establishRoute(MainClientExec.java:363)
    at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.MainClientExec.execute(MainClientExec.java:219)
    at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.ProtocolExec.execute(ProtocolExec.java:195)
    at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.RetryExec.execute(RetryExec.java:86)
    at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.RedirectExec.execute(RedirectExec.java:108)
    at org.apache.http.impl.client.InternalHttpClient.doExecute(InternalHttpClient.java:186)
    at org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient.execute(CloseableHttpClient.java:82)
    at org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient.execute(CloseableHttpClient.java:106)

这是我使用 System.setProperty("javax.net.debug", "all"); 运行时的输出:

trustStore is: /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/security/cacerts
trustStore type is : jks
trustStore provider is : 
init truststore

adding as trusted cert: [... extremely large list ...]

trigger seeding of SecureRandom
done seeding SecureRandom
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
Ignoring unavailable cipher suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
Allow unsafe renegotiation: false
Allow legacy hello messages: true
Is initial handshake: true
Is secure renegotiation: false
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for SSLv3
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for SSLv3
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for SSLv3
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for SSLv3
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for SSLv3
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for SSLv3
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for SSLv3
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1.1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1.1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1.1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1.1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1.1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1.1
Ignoring unsupported cipher suite: TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 for TLSv1.1
%% No cached client session
*** ClientHello, TLSv1.2
RandomCookie:  GMT: 1402182685 bytes = { 227, 155, 148, 161, 7, 104, 221, 182, 254, 133, 216, 198, 118, 211, 223, 229, 43, 82, 207, 1, 102, 245, 112, 117, 253, 69, 43, 162 }
Session ID:  {}
Cipher Suites: [TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA, SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA, TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA, TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA, SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5, TLS_EMPTY_RENEGOTIATION_INFO_SCSV]
Compression Methods:  { 0 }
Extension elliptic_curves, curve names: {secp256r1, sect163k1, sect163r2, secp192r1, secp224r1, sect233k1, sect233r1, sect283k1, sect283r1, secp384r1, sect409k1, sect409r1, secp521r1, sect571k1, sect571r1, secp160k1, secp160r1, secp160r2, sect163r1, secp192k1, sect193r1, sect193r2, secp224k1, sect239k1, secp256k1}
Extension ec_point_formats, formats: [uncompressed]
Extension signature_algorithms, signature_algorithms: SHA512withECDSA, SHA512withRSA, SHA384withECDSA, SHA384withRSA, SHA256withECDSA, SHA256withRSA, SHA224withECDSA, SHA224withRSA, SHA1withECDSA, SHA1withRSA, SHA1withDSA, MD5withRSA
Extension server_name, server_name: [type=host_name (0), value=hubic.com]
***
[write] MD5 and SHA1 hashes:  len = 225
0000: 01 00 00 DD 03 03 54 94   9C 1D E3 9B 94 A1 07 68  ......T........h
0010: DD B6 FE 85 D8 C6 76 D3   DF E5 2B 52 CF 01 66 F5  ......v...+R..f.
0020: 70 75 FD 45 2B A2 00 00   46 C0 23 C0 27 00 3C C0  pu.E+...F.#.'.<.
0030: 25 C0 29 00 67 00 40 C0   09 C0 13 00 2F C0 04 C0  %.).g.@...../...
0040: 0E 00 33 00 32 C0 2B C0   2F 00 9C C0 2D C0 31 00  ..3.2.+./...-.1.
0050: 9E 00 A2 C0 08 C0 12 00   0A C0 03 C0 0D 00 16 00  ................
0060: 13 C0 07 C0 11 00 05 C0   02 C0 0C 00 04 00 FF 01  ................
0070: 00 00 6E 00 0A 00 34 00   32 00 17 00 01 00 03 00  ..n...4.2.......
0080: 13 00 15 00 06 00 07 00   09 00 0A 00 18 00 0B 00  ................
0090: 0C 00 19 00 0D 00 0E 00   0F 00 10 00 11 00 02 00  ................
00A0: 12 00 04 00 05 00 14 00   08 00 16 00 0B 00 02 01  ................
00B0: 00 00 0D 00 1A 00 18 06   03 06 01 05 03 05 01 04  ................
00C0: 03 04 01 03 03 03 01 02   03 02 01 02 02 01 01 00  ................
00D0: 00 00 0E 00 0C 00 00 09   68 75 62 69 63 2E 63 6F  ........hubic.co
00E0: 6D                                                 m
main, WRITE: TLSv1.2 Handshake, length = 225
[Raw write]: length = 230
0000: 16 03 03 00 E1 01 00 00   DD 03 03 54 94 9C 1D E3  ...........T....
0010: 9B 94 A1 07 68 DD B6 FE   85 D8 C6 76 D3 DF E5 2B  ....h......v...+
0020: 52 CF 01 66 F5 70 75 FD   45 2B A2 00 00 46 C0 23  R..f.pu.E+...F.#
0030: C0 27 00 3C C0 25 C0 29   00 67 00 40 C0 09 C0 13  .'.<.%.).g.@....
0040: 00 2F C0 04 C0 0E 00 33   00 32 C0 2B C0 2F 00 9C  ./.....3.2.+./..
0050: C0 2D C0 31 00 9E 00 A2   C0 08 C0 12 00 0A C0 03  .-.1............
0060: C0 0D 00 16 00 13 C0 07   C0 11 00 05 C0 02 C0 0C  ................
0070: 00 04 00 FF 01 00 00 6E   00 0A 00 34 00 32 00 17  .......n...4.2..
0080: 00 01 00 03 00 13 00 15   00 06 00 07 00 09 00 0A  ................
0090: 00 18 00 0B 00 0C 00 19   00 0D 00 0E 00 0F 00 10  ................
00A0: 00 11 00 02 00 12 00 04   00 05 00 14 00 08 00 16  ................
00B0: 00 0B 00 02 01 00 00 0D   00 1A 00 18 06 03 06 01  ................
00C0: 05 03 05 01 04 03 04 01   03 03 03 01 02 03 02 01  ................
00D0: 02 02 01 01 00 00 00 0E   00 0C 00 00 09 68 75 62  .............hub
00E0: 69 63 2E 63 6F 6D                                  ic.com
[Raw read]: length = 5
0000: 15 03 00 00 02                                     .....
[Raw read]: length = 2
0000: 02 46                                              .F
main, READ: SSLv3 Alert, length = 2
main, RECV TLSv1.2 ALERT:  fatal, protocol_version
main, called closeSocket()
main, handling exception: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: protocol_version

如果我尝试访问例如https://google.com .所以它猜测 SSL with Java 在我的系统上不能完全破坏，但它与 hubic.com 的结合有关。

错误protocol_version 不是很有帮助，但在this question建议我的客户端使用与服务器不同的协议(protocol)版本(我猜“服务器和客户端无法就协议(protocol)达成一致”会更准确)。

我如何确定服务器将同意哪些协议(protocol)版本以及如何在我的客户端中启用这些协议(protocol)版本？我是否应该担心这个问题(例如 hubic 是否只允许旧的不受支持的协议(protocol)？(Firefox 当然不会提示任何不安全的事情)。

Answer 1

我从调试中看到 Java 执行 TLS1.2 握手而不是更常见的 SSLv23 握手:

main, WRITE: TLSv1.2 Handshake, length = 225
[Raw write]: length = 230
0000: 16 03 03 00
         ^^^^^ - TLS1.2 (SSL3.3)

服务器本身只能执行 TLS1.0 并且不能只宣布这个旧版本。 我不熟悉 Java，但您需要将协议(protocol)版本设置为 TLSv1 或 SSLv23 才能与此服务器通信。

以下代码将仅使用 Apache HttpClient 设置 TLSv1:

HttpClientBuilder
  .create()
  .setSslcontext(SSLContexts.custom().useProtocol("TLSv1").build())
  .build()
  .execute(new HttpGet("https://hubic.com"));

编辑以包括评论中的问题:

If you say that the server "fails to just announce this older version", does that mean that the server is misconfigured? In this case, why don't Firefox&Chromium have any problems?

如果客户端在 ClientHello 中宣布 TLS1.2 而服务器只能做 TLS1.0，它应该宣布这一点，即用 TLS1.0 回复。如果 TLS1.0 不够好或继续使用 TLS1.0，则客户端可以关闭连接。但是，在这种情况下，服务器只是告诉客户端它不喜欢这个版本并关闭了连接。 Firefox 和其他公司发布了 SSLv23 公告，他们在其中进行了 TLS1.0 握手，但也公布了他们支持的最佳协议(protocol)版本。这通常适用于从 SSL3.0 开始的旧服务器，但也适用于较新的服务器。

您可以使用最近的 Perl/IO::Socket::SSL 和 this script 检查服务器的行为.

$ perl analyze-ssl.pl hubic.com
-- hubic.com port 443
 * maximum SSL version  : TLSv1 (SSLv23)
 * supported SSL versions with handshake used and preferred cipher(s):
   * handshake protocols ciphers
   * SSLv23    TLSv1     AES256-SHA
   * TLSv1_2   FAILED: SSL connect attempt failed error:1408F10B:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_RECORD:wrong version number
   * TLSv1_1   FAILED: SSL connect attempt failed error:1408F10B:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_RECORD:wrong version number
   * TLSv1     TLSv1     AES256-SHA
   * SSLv3     FAILED: SSL connect attempt failed because of handshake problems error:1409442E:SSL routines:SSL3_READ_BYTES:tlsv1 alert protocol version

在这里您可以看到，主机支持 SSLv23 和 TLSv1 握手，但不支持使用的 TLSv1_2 握手。