c# - 如何停止并确保 OOP 代码正常工作？

Question

这确实是我尝试使用 OOP 原则编写的第一个程序。我还不知道如何让所有的类相互交互。我想我已经初始化了一副纸牌，但我只想查看其中一个纸牌对象并确保它看起来正确。我想我可以用 Console.WriteLine(cards[0]) 来做到这一点，但不知道把它放在哪里才能显示。在主要方法中？在我初始化甲板的类(class)里？如果我把它放在 main 方法中，它不会识别 cards[0]，如果我把 WriteLine 放在 deck 类中，它也不会显示任何内容。有没有不同的方法来逐步查看？谢谢!

卡片类

namespace BlackJack
{


        public enum suits {
            Spades, Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds
        }

        public enum cardValues {
            Two=2,
            Three=3,
            Four =4,
            Five=5,
            Six=6,
            Seven=7,
            Eight=8,
            Nine=9,
            Ten=10,
            Jack=10,
            Queen=10,
            King=10,
            Ace=11

        }
    public class Card
    {
        public suits suit { get; set; }
        public cardValues cardValue { get; set; }

    }
}

甲板类

namespace BlackJack
{

    public class Deck
    {
        private List<Card> cards;

        public Deck()
        {
            this.newDeck();
        }

        public void newDeck()
        {
            cards = new List<Card>();

            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < 13; j++)
                {
                    cards.Add(new Card() { suit = (suits)i, cardValue = (cardValues)j });
                    Console.WriteLine(cards[1]);
                    Console.ReadLine();   
        }


            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

好的，您需要做的一件事是重载 Card 类的 ToString()，以便它知道如何将其转换为字符串。

你是这样类的吗:

public class Deck
{
    //This needs to be public on the get side to be visible outside
    //of the Deck object
    public IList<Card> Cards { get; private set; }

    public Deck()
    {
        NewDeck();
    }

    #region Helper Methods

    private void NewDeck()
    {
        Cards = new List<Card>();

        for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        {
            //Start your index at 2 since you enum starts at Two = 2
            //just as an FYI it's bad practice to not start an enum
            //without a zero based answer.
            for (var j = 2; j < 13; j++)
            {
                Cards.Add(new Card {Suit = (Suit)i, Value = (CardValue)j } );
            }
        }
    }

    #endregion Helper Methods
}

public enum Suit
{
    Spades, 
    Hearts, 
    Clubs, 
    Diamonds
}

public enum CardValue
{
    Two = 2,
    Three = 3,
    Four = 4,
    Five = 5,
    Six = 6,
    Seven = 7,
    Eight = 8,
    Nine = 9,
    Ten = 10,
    Jack = 10,
    Queen = 10,
    King = 10,
    Ace = 11

}
public class Card
{
    public Suit Suit { get; set; }
    public CardValue Value { get; set; }

    //Tell your card class how to turn into a string representation
    public override string ToString()
    {

        return $"{Value} of {Suit}"; //This is C# 6
        //return string.Format("{0} of {1}", Value, Suit); <-- if less than C#6
    }
}

由于您在主程序中使用 Console.WriteLine()，因此看起来您正在使用控制台应用程序，因此您可以在测试时以这种方式检查所有卡片。

public static void Main()
{
    var deck = new Deck();
    foreach (var card in deck.Cards)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(card.ToString());
    }
}

我的最后一件事是，您将不得不更改初始化套牌的方式。因为你有 Ten，Jack、Queen、King 都等于 10，你的 Value = (CardValue)j 将不知道选择哪一个。但这应该足以让您摆脱在弄清楚这一点时看不到卡片值(value)的困境，然后您可以继续前进。

编辑:--------------------------------在使用 StackOverflow 聊天后，我们聊了聊并弄清楚了如何最好地初始化他的 Blackjack Value，同时又不破坏基本的 Card 对象超过它的 Suit 和 Face。由于对话时间变长，还添加了 Shuffle。但所有 OOP 都已满足。

public static void Main()
{
    var deck = new BlackJackDeck();

    deck.Shuffle();

    foreach (var card in deck.Cards)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(card.ToString());
    }
}
public class BlackJackDeck
{
    private const int DECKSIZE = 52;
    private Random random;

    //Card is your key, and int is the value of the card
    public IList<BlackJackCard> Cards { get; private set; }


    public BlackJackDeck()
    {
        random = new Random();
        NewDeck();
    }

    public void Shuffle()
    {
        //Documentation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Yates_shuffle
        for (var i = 0; i < Cards.Count; i++)
        {
            var position = random.Next(i);
            var temp = Cards[i];
            Cards[i] = Cards[position];
            Cards[position] = temp;
        }
    }

    #region Helper Methods

    private void NewDeck()
    {
        Cards = new List<BlackJackCard>(DECKSIZE);

        for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        {
            for (var j = 0; j < 13; j++)
            {
                switch (j)
                {
                    case 8:
                    case 9:
                    case 10:
                    case 11:
                        Cards.Add(new BlackJackCard { Suit = (Suit)i, Face = (CardFace)j, Value = 10});
                        break;
                    case 12:
                        Cards.Add(new BlackJackCard { Suit = (Suit)i, Face = (CardFace)j, Value = 11});
                        break;
                    default:
                        Cards.Add(new BlackJackCard { Suit = (Suit)i, Face = (CardFace)j, Value = (j + 2)});
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    #endregion Helper Methods
}

public enum Suit
{
    Spades,
    Hearts,
    Clubs,
    Diamonds
}

public enum CardFace
{
    Two,
    Three,
    Four,
    Five,
    Six,
    Seven,
    Eight,
    Nine,
    Ten,
    Jack,
    Queen,
    King,
    Ace
}

public class BlackJackCard : Card
{
    public int Value { get; set; }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        //MSDN Documentation: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn961160.aspx
        //base.ToString() is the Card classes ToString()
        return $"{base.ToString()} with value: {Value}";
    }
}

//this is for making a basic card and deck of cards
//Inherit from this to create cards specific to different game rules, i.e BlackJack, Go Fish, etc
//Documentation: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/k535acbf(v=vs.71).aspx
public abstract class Card
{
    public Suit Suit { get; set; }
    public CardFace Face { get; set; }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return $"{Face} of {Suit}";
    }
}