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python - 如何解决解析带有西里尔符号的 html 文件的问题?

转载 作者:太空宇宙 更新时间:2023-11-03 12:51:45 25 4
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我有一些带有 span 元素的 html 文件:

<html>
<body>
<span class="one">Text</span>some text</br>
<span class="two">Привет</span>Текст на русском</br>
</body>
</html>

获取“一些文本”:

# -*- coding:cp1251 -*-
import lxml
from lxml import html

filename = "t.html"
fread = open(filename, 'r')
source = fread.read()

tree = html.fromstring(source)
fread.close()


tags = tree.xpath('//span[@class="one" and text()="Text"]') #This OK
print "name: ",tags[0].text
print "value: ",tags[0].tail

tags = tree.xpath('//span[@class="two" and text()="Привет"]') #This False

print "name: ",tags[0].text
print "value: ",tags[0].tail

这个节目:

name: Text
value: some text

Traceback: ... in line `tags = tree.xpath('//span[@class="two" and text()="Привет"]')`
ValueError: All strings must be XML compatible: Unicode or ASCII, no NULL bytes

如何解决这个问题?

最佳答案

lxml

(正如所观察到的,这在系统编码之间有点狡猾,并且在 Windows XP 中显然不能正常工作,但在 Linux 中可以。)

我通过解码源字符串使其工作 - tree = html.fromstring(source.decode('utf-8')):

# -*- coding:cp1251 -*-
import lxml
from lxml import html

filename = "t.html"
fread = open(filename, 'r')
source = fread.read()

tree = html.fromstring(source.decode('utf-8'))
fread.close()


tags = tree.xpath('//span[@class="one" and text()="Text"]') #This OK
print "name: ",tags[0].text
print "value: ",tags[0].tail

tags = tree.xpath('//span[@class="two" and text()="Привет"]') #This is now OK too

print "name: ",tags[0].text
print "value: ",tags[0].tail

这意味着实际的树是所有 unicode 对象。如果您只是将 xpath 参数作为 unicode,它会找到 0 个匹配项。

美丽汤

无论如何,我更喜欢将 BeautifulSoup 用于任何此类内容。这是我的互动环节;我将文件保存在 cp1251 中。

>>> from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup
>>> filename = '/tmp/cyrillic'
>>> fread = open(filename, 'r')
>>> source = fread.read()
>>> source # Scary
'<html>\n<body>\n<span class="one">Text</span>some text</br>\n<span class="two">\xcf\xf0\xe8\xe2\xe5\xf2</span>\xd2\xe5\xea\xf1\xf2 \xed\xe0 \xf0\xf3\xf1\xf1\xea\xee\xec</br>\n</body>\n</html>\n'
>>> source = source.decode('cp1251') # Let's try getting this right.
u'<html>\n<body>\n<span class="one">Text</span>some text</br>\n<span class="two">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442</span>\u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c</br>\n</body>\n</html>\n'
>>> soup = BeautifulSoup(source)
>>> soup # OK, that's looking right now. Note the </br> was dropped as that's bad HTML with no meaning.
<html>
<body>
<span class="one">Text</span>some text
<span class="two">Привет</span>Текст на русском
</body>
</html>

>>> soup.find('span', 'one').findNextSibling(text=True)
u'some text'
>>> soup.find('span', 'two').findNextSibling(text=True) # This looks a bit daunting ...
u'\u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c'
>>> print _ # ... but it's not, really. Just Unicode chars.
Текст на русском
>>> # Then you may also wish to get things by text:
>>> print soup.find(text=u'Привет').findParent().findNextSibling(text=True)
Текст на русском
>>> # You can't get things by attributes and the contained NavigableString at the same time, though. That may be a limitation.

最后,考虑尝试使用 source.decode('cp1251') 而不是 source.decode('utf-8') 可能是值得的你从文件系统中获取它。那时 lxml 可能真的有用。

关于python - 如何解决解析带有西里尔符号的 html 文件的问题?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4180987/

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