python-3.x - 如何向 flask 添加安全上下文？

Question

我试图将安全上下文添加到一个简单的 flask 应用程序中

import flask
import ssl

app = flask.Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def home():
    return "<h1>THIS IS HOME</h1>"


ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)
ctx.load_cert_chain('crt-key-crs/download-system.crt', 'crt-key-crs/download-system.key')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True, use_reloader=False, ssl_context=ctx)

并且在输入密码短语后运行它时发生以下错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "flask-test.py", line 16, in <module>
    app.run(debug=True, use_reloader=False, ssl_context=ctx)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/flask/app.py", line 772, in run
    run_simple(host, port, self, **options)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/werkzeug/serving.py", line 710, in run_simple
    inner()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/werkzeug/serving.py", line 692, in inner
    passthrough_errors, ssl_context).serve_forever()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/werkzeug/serving.py", line 486, in make_server
    passthrough_errors, ssl_context)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/werkzeug/serving.py", line 425, in __init__
    self.socket = tsafe.Connection(ssl_context, self.socket)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/OpenSSL/tsafe.py", line 11, in __init__
    self._ssl_conn = apply(_ssl.Connection, args)
NameError: name 'apply' is not defined

然后我在文档中发现 apply(function, *args, **kwargs) 被替换为 function(*args, **kwargs) 所以我去了文件 /usr/lib/python3/dist -packages/OpenSSL/tsafe.py 并手动修改该行，再次运行时出现以下错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "flask-test.py", line 16, in <module>
    app.run(debug=True, use_reloader=False, ssl_context=ctx)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/flask/app.py", line 772, in run
    run_simple(host, port, self, **options)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/werkzeug/serving.py", line 710, in run_simple
    inner()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/werkzeug/serving.py", line 692, in inner
    passthrough_errors, ssl_context).serve_forever()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/werkzeug/serving.py", line 486, in make_server
    passthrough_errors, ssl_context)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/werkzeug/serving.py", line 425, in __init__
    self.socket = tsafe.Connection(ssl_context, self.socket)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/OpenSSL/tsafe.py", line 11, in __init__
    self._ssl_conn = _ssl.Connection(*args)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/OpenSSL/SSL.py", line 804, in __init__
    raise TypeError("context must be a Context instance")
TypeError: context must be a Context instance

在此之后，我知道 apply 已从 python3.x 中完全删除，我使用 python2.7.9 运行我的应用程序，以检查我在修改该行时是否做错了什么，显然我没有，因为同样的错误再次发生。那么，为了在我的 Flask 应用程序中使用安全上下文，我需要做什么或更改我的代码？提前致谢。

Answer 1

经过大量搜索和测试，我发现代码没有问题，问题是Werkzeug服务器的版本。我使用 sudo pip3 install Werkzeug --upgrade 进行了升级，现在一切正常。