c# - 同一台计算机上两个不同 WPF 应用程序之间的通信

Question

我有两个 WPF 应用程序(Application1 和 Application2)，Application1 将用户添加到 Users.xml 文件，而 Application2 将 Users.xml 中的所有名称显示到标签中。要刷新 Application2 中的标签，我必须按当前实现中的刷新按钮。我想建立一种机制，以便每当我使用 Application1 添加用户时，Application2 都会自动更新标签。我实现此目的的一种方法是，每当 Application1 添加用户时，它都会在 XML 文件中设置一些标志(例如 IsSync=false)，而 Application2 会不断监视该标志，每当它看到 IsSync=false 时，它​​就会更新Label 并设置 IsSync=true。但我想知道是否有任何其他最佳方法(可能是发布者/订阅者通过处理来自 Application1 的 Application2 的刷新按钮的方式)来实现这一点。你能帮我实现这个目标吗？我在下面附上了两个 XAML/代码:

应用1

XAML

<Window x:Class="Application1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Application1"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="Application1" Height="500" Width="500">
    <Grid>
        <Label Name="lblUserName" Content="Name" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="42,60,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
        <TextBox Name="txtUserName" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="23" Margin="91,60,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="300"/>
        <Button Name="btnAdd" Content="Add" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="310,110,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" Click="Button_Click"/>
    </Grid>
</Window>

代码隐藏

using System.IO;
using System.Windows;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace Application1
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        private static string fullPath = "C:\\Files\\Users.xml";

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(txtUserName.Text))
            {
                if (!File.Exists(fullPath))
                {
                    // If Users.xml is not exists, create a file and add Textbox Name to the file
                    CreateUsersXMLAndAddUser();
                    txtUserName.Text = "";
                }
                else
                {
                    // Add Textbox name to the Users.xml
                    AddUser();
                    txtUserName.Text = "";
                }
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show(this, "Name can not be empty", "Required", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Error);
            }
        }

        private void AddUser()
        {
            XElement xEle = XElement.Load(fullPath);
            xEle.Add(new XElement("User", new XAttribute("Name", txtUserName.Text.Trim())));
            xEle.Save(fullPath);
        }

        private void CreateUsersXMLAndAddUser()
        {
            XDocument xDoc = new XDocument(
                                      new XDeclaration("1.0", "UTF-8", null),
                                      new XElement("Users",
                                              new XElement("User",
                                              new XAttribute("Name", txtUserName.Text.Trim())
                                              )));

            StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
            XmlWriter xWrite = XmlWriter.Create(sw);
            xDoc.Save(xWrite);
            xWrite.Close();
            xDoc.Save(fullPath);
        }
    }
}

应用2

XAML

<Window x:Class="Application2.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Application2"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="Application2" Height="500" Width="600">
    <Grid>
        <Label Name="lblUsers" FontSize="20" FontWeight="UltraBold" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="20,20,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
        <Button Name="btnRefreshUsers" Content="Refresh" FontSize="20" FontWeight="UltraBold" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="450,39,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Height="100" Width="100" Click="btnRefreshUsers_Click"/>
    </Grid>
</Window>

代码隐藏

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace Application2
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        private static string fullPath = "C:\\Files\\Users.xml";
        StringBuilder userList;

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            userList = new StringBuilder();

            lblUsers.Content = string.Empty;
            lblUsers.Content = LoadUsers();
        }

        private StringBuilder LoadUsers()
        {
            userList.AppendLine("  Users  ");
            userList.AppendLine("---------");

            if (File.Exists(fullPath))
            {
                XElement xelement = XElement.Load(fullPath);
                IEnumerable<XElement> users = xelement.Elements();

                foreach (var user in users)
                {
                    userList.AppendLine(user.Attribute("Name").Value);
                }              
            }
            else
            {
                userList.AppendLine("Nothing to show ...");
            }
            return userList;
        }

        private void btnRefreshUsers_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            userList.Clear();
            lblUsers.Content = string.Empty;
            lblUsers.Content = LoadUsers();
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

进程间通信有几种方式:

• MSMQ(微软消息队列)
• 套接字编程
• 命名管道
• 网络服务(WCF，...)

从理论上讲，在低级别的通信中，大多数此类技术都使用套接字作为主要部分。所以套接字编程是低级通信，你有更多的控制权，你需要做更多的工作才能让它工作。

我已经阅读了关于 SO 的一个很好的答案:

IPC Mechanisms in C# - Usage and Best Practices