python - pip install lxml 和 gdal 在 anaconda env 中失败

Question

尝试在 anaconda 环境中使用 pip 安装需要 GDAL 或 lxml 的框架和包时，我一直遇到问题。我正在使用 Anaconda 安装的 Python 2.7.5 运行 OSX 10.8。我已经安装了命令行工具的 Xcode 4.6.3。

在需要 lxml 或 GDAL 的包(几乎每个 GIS 包)上，我收到 clang 错误。这些通常是错误 1 ​​或错误 254。我安装了 GDAL 框架并且(显然)与 QGIS 一起运行(尽管这是指系统 python 而不是 Anaconda 发行版)。我有 Anaconda 提供的 lxml，它似乎在环境中用于脚本目的。我试过更新 lxml，但没有效果。此问题末尾包含两个示例日志。抱歉问题有 pip 长...

经常重复的建议似乎是获取 Xcode 和 CLT。正如我所说，我已经做到了。

我在网上看到的另一个想法与用于为 OSX 构建 Anaconda Python 发行版的 C 编译器有关。我对 C 编译器一无所知，但我知道 pip 可以毫无问题地将包安装到系统 python。当我启动系统 Python 时，我得到:

Python 2.7.2 (default, Oct 11 2012, 20:14:37) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple Clang 4.0 (tags/Apple/clang-418.0.60)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

对于 Anaconda Python，我得到:

Python 2.7.5 |Anaconda 1.6.1 (x86_64)| (default, Jun 28 2013, 22:20:13) 
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5493)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

请注意 GCC 版本的差异。这很重要吗？

最近 pip 尝试安装 kartograph.py 失败。在我的环境中运行 pip install -r https://raw.github.com/kartograph/kartograph.py/master/requirements.txt 之后，我很快就遇到了麻烦

  Running setup.py egg_info for package lxml
    /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    Building lxml version 3.2.3.
    Building without Cython.
    Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.28
    Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/lib

    warning: no previously-included files found matching '*.py'
    warning: no files found matching '*.txt' under directory 'src/lxml/tests'
Downloading/unpacking ordereddict (from -r https://raw.github.com/kartograph/kartograph.py/master/requirements.txt (line 8))
  Downloading ordereddict-1.1.tar.gz
  Running setup.py egg_info for package ordereddict

Downloading/unpacking tinycss (from -r https://raw.github.com/kartograph/kartograph.py/master/requirements.txt (line 9))
  Downloading tinycss-0.3.tar.gz (72kB): 72kB downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package tinycss
    Building with Cython 0.19.1.

    no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build'
Downloading/unpacking argparse (from -r https://raw.github.com/kartograph/kartograph.py/master/requirements.txt (line 10))
  Downloading argparse-1.2.1.tar.gz (69kB): 69kB downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package argparse

    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.orig' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.rej' found anywhere in distribution
    no previously-included directories found matching 'doc/_build'
    no previously-included directories found matching 'env24'
    no previously-included directories found matching 'env25'
    no previously-included directories found matching 'env26'
    no previously-included directories found matching 'env27'
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): distribute in ./anaconda/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from pykml->-r https://raw.github.com/kartograph/kartograph.py/master/requirements.txt (line 5))
Installing collected packages: GDAL, lxml, ordereddict, tinycss, argparse
  Running setup.py install for GDAL
    building 'osgeo._gdal' extension
    /usr/bin/clang -fno-strict-aliasing -I/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include -arch x86_64 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include/python2.7 -I/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/Library/Frameworks/GDAL.framework/Versions/1.10/include -c extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/extensions/gdal_wrap.o
    extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp:2230:11: warning: explicitly assigning a variable of type 'int' to itself [-Wself-assign]
                        res = SWIG_AddCast(res);
                        ~~~ ^              ~~~
    extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp:2233:11: warning: explicitly assigning a variable of type 'int' to itself [-Wself-assign]
                        res = SWIG_AddCast(res);
                        ~~~ ^              ~~~
    extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp:2853:10: fatal error: 'cpl_port.h' file not found
    #include "cpl_port.h"
             ^
    2 warnings and 1 error generated.
    error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit status 1
    Complete output from command /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/private/var/folders/l2/zvz4t5rs7pb3n1bc4_bdz6n4cbzgwl/T/pip-build-mmoncrief/GDAL/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /var/folders/l2/zvz4t5rs7pb3n1bc4_bdz6n4cbzgwl/T/pip-JGdZ16-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed:
    running install

running build

running build_py

creating build

creating build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7

copying gdal.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7

copying ogr.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7

copying osr.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7

copying gdalconst.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7

copying gdalnumeric.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7

creating build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/osgeo

copying osgeo/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/osgeo

copying osgeo/gdal.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/osgeo

copying osgeo/gdal_array.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/osgeo

copying osgeo/gdalconst.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/osgeo

copying osgeo/gdalnumeric.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/osgeo

copying osgeo/ogr.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/osgeo

copying osgeo/osr.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/osgeo

running build_ext

building 'osgeo._gdal' extension

creating build/temp.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7

creating build/temp.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/extensions

/usr/bin/clang -fno-strict-aliasing -I/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include -arch x86_64 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include/python2.7 -I/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/Library/Frameworks/GDAL.framework/Versions/1.10/include -c extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/extensions/gdal_wrap.o

extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp:2230:11: warning: explicitly assigning a variable of type 'int' to itself [-Wself-assign]

                    res = SWIG_AddCast(res);

                    ~~~ ^              ~~~

extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp:2233:11: warning: explicitly assigning a variable of type 'int' to itself [-Wself-assign]

                    res = SWIG_AddCast(res);

                    ~~~ ^              ~~~

extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp:2853:10: fatal error: 'cpl_port.h' file not found

#include "cpl_port.h"

         ^

2 warnings and 1 error generated.

error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------
Command /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/private/var/folders/l2/zvz4t5rs7pb3n1bc4_bdz6n4cbzgwl/T/pip-build-mmoncrief/GDAL/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /var/folders/l2/zvz4t5rs7pb3n1bc4_bdz6n4cbzgwl/T/pip-JGdZ16-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/l2/zvz4t5rs7pb3n1bc4_bdz6n4cbzgwl/T/pip-build-mmoncrief/GDAL
Storing complete log in /Users/mmoncrief/.pip/pip.log

我也有与 lxml.etree 相关的 clang 错误。您会在上面的代码中看到其中的一些内容。另外，如果我简单地尝试 pip install lxml:

Downloading/unpacking lxml
  Running setup.py egg_info for package lxml
    /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    Building lxml version 3.2.3.
    Building without Cython.
    Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.28
    Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/lib

    warning: no files found matching '*.txt' under directory 'src/lxml/tests'
Installing collected packages: lxml
  Running setup.py install for lxml
    /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    Building lxml version 3.2.3.
    Building without Cython.
    Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.28
    Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/lib
    building 'lxml.etree' extension
    /usr/bin/clang -fno-strict-aliasing -I/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include -arch x86_64 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include -I/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include/libxml2 -I/private/var/folders/l2/zvz4t5rs7pb3n1bc4_bdz6n4cbzgwl/T/pip-build-mmoncrief/lxml/src/lxml/includes -I/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include/python2.7 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -flat_namespace
    clang: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-flat_namespace'
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:136455:17: warning: enumeration value '__pyx_e_4lxml_5etree_PARSER_DATA_INVALID' not handled in switch [-Wswitch]
            switch (__pyx_v_doc_ref->_type) {
                    ^
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:140541:72: warning: incompatible pointer types passing 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *' to parameter of type 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *' [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]
        __pyx_t_1 = ((PyObject *)__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy(((struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *)__pyx_v_self->_context))); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[2]; __pyx_lineno = 543; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L9;}
                                                                           ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:138476:138: note: passing argument to parameter '__pyx_v_self' here
    static struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy(struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *__pyx_v_self) {
                                                                                                                                             ^
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:141947:70: warning: incompatible pointer types passing 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *' to parameter of type 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *' [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]
      __pyx_t_1 = ((PyObject *)__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy(((struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *)__pyx_v_stylesheet->_context))); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[2]; __pyx_lineno = 680; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}
                                                                         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:138476:138: note: passing argument to parameter '__pyx_v_self' here
    static struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy(struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *__pyx_v_self) {
                                                                                                                                             ^
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:160878:19: warning: expression result unused [-Wunused-value]
        PyObject_INIT(o, t);
                      ^
    /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include/python2.7/objimpl.h:164:69: note: expanded from macro 'PyObject_INIT'
        ( Py_TYPE(op) = (typeobj), _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)(op)), (op) )
                                                                        ^
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:162691:19: warning: expression result unused [-Wunused-value]
        PyObject_INIT(o, t);
                      ^
    /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include/python2.7/objimpl.h:164:69: note: expanded from macro 'PyObject_INIT'
        ( Py_TYPE(op) = (typeobj), _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)(op)), (op) )
                                                                        ^
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:168247:19: warning: expression result unused [-Wunused-value]
        PyObject_INIT(o, t);
                      ^
    /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include/python2.7/objimpl.h:164:69: note: expanded from macro 'PyObject_INIT'
        ( Py_TYPE(op) = (typeobj), _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)(op)), (op) )
                                                                        ^
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:170913:19: warning: expression result unused [-Wunused-value]
        PyObject_INIT(o, t);
                      ^
    /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include/python2.7/objimpl.h:164:69: note: expanded from macro 'PyObject_INIT'
        ( Py_TYPE(op) = (typeobj), _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)(op)), (op) )
                                                                        ^
    src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:12774:13: warning: function '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_displayNode' is not needed and will not be emitted [-Wunneeded-internal-declaration]
    static void __pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_displayNode(xmlNode *__pyx_v_c_node, PyObject *__pyx_v_indent) {
                ^
    8 warnings generated.
    /usr/bin/clang -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -L/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/lib -arch x86_64 -arch x86_64 build/temp.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -L/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/lib -lxslt -lexslt -lxml2 -lz -lm -o build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/etree.so
    clang: error: unable to execute command: Segmentation fault: 11
    clang: error: linker command failed due to signal (use -v to see invocation)
    error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit status 254
    Complete output from command /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/private/var/folders/l2/zvz4t5rs7pb3n1bc4_bdz6n4cbzgwl/T/pip-build-mmoncrief/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /var/folders/l2/zvz4t5rs7pb3n1bc4_bdz6n4cbzgwl/T/pip-gtlqX_-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed:
    /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py:267: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'

  warnings.warn(msg)

Building lxml version 3.2.3.

Building without Cython.

Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.28

Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/lib

running install

running build

running build_py

creating build

creating build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7

creating build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/_elementpath.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/builder.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/cssselect.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/doctestcompare.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/ElementInclude.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/pyclasslookup.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/sax.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/usedoctest.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml

creating build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

creating build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/_diffcommand.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/_html5builder.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/_setmixin.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/builder.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/clean.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/defs.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/diff.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/ElementSoup.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/formfill.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/html5parser.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/soupparser.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/html

copying src/lxml/html/usedoctest.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/html

creating build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron

copying src/lxml/lxml.etree.h -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/lxml.etree_api.h -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml

copying src/lxml/includes/c14n.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/config.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/dtdvalid.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/etreepublic.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/htmlparser.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/relaxng.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/schematron.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/tree.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/uri.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/xinclude.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/xmlerror.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/xmlparser.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/xmlschema.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/xpath.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/xslt.pxd -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/etree_defs.h -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

copying src/lxml/includes/lxml-version.h -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/includes

creating build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources

creating build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/rng

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/rng/iso-schematron.rng -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/rng

creating build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/RNG2Schtrn.xsl -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/XSD2Schtrn.xsl -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl

creating build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1/iso_abstract_expand.xsl -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1/iso_dsdl_include.xsl -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1/iso_schematron_message.xsl -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1/iso_schematron_skeleton_for_xslt1.xsl -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1/iso_svrl_for_xslt1.xsl -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1/readme.txt -> build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/isoschematron/resources/xsl/iso-schematron-xslt1

running build_ext

building 'lxml.etree' extension

creating build/temp.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7

creating build/temp.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/src

creating build/temp.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/src/lxml

/usr/bin/clang -fno-strict-aliasing -I/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include -arch x86_64 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include -I/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include/libxml2 -I/private/var/folders/l2/zvz4t5rs7pb3n1bc4_bdz6n4cbzgwl/T/pip-build-mmoncrief/lxml/src/lxml/includes -I/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include/python2.7 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -flat_namespace

clang: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-flat_namespace'

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:136455:17: warning: enumeration value '__pyx_e_4lxml_5etree_PARSER_DATA_INVALID' not handled in switch [-Wswitch]

        switch (__pyx_v_doc_ref->_type) {

                ^

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:140541:72: warning: incompatible pointer types passing 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *' to parameter of type 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *' [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]

    __pyx_t_1 = ((PyObject *)__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy(((struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *)__pyx_v_self->_context))); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[2]; __pyx_lineno = 543; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L9;}

                                                                       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:138476:138: note: passing argument to parameter '__pyx_v_self' here

static struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy(struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *__pyx_v_self) {

                                                                                                                                         ^

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:141947:70: warning: incompatible pointer types passing 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *' to parameter of type 'struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *' [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]

  __pyx_t_1 = ((PyObject *)__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy(((struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *)__pyx_v_stylesheet->_context))); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_1)) {__pyx_filename = __pyx_f[2]; __pyx_lineno = 680; __pyx_clineno = __LINE__; goto __pyx_L1_error;}

                                                                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:138476:138: note: passing argument to parameter '__pyx_v_self' here

static struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__BaseContext *__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_12_XSLTContext__copy(struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__XSLTContext *__pyx_v_self) {

                                                                                                                                         ^

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:160878:19: warning: expression result unused [-Wunused-value]

    PyObject_INIT(o, t);

                  ^

/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include/python2.7/objimpl.h:164:69: note: expanded from macro 'PyObject_INIT'

    ( Py_TYPE(op) = (typeobj), _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)(op)), (op) )

                                                                    ^

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:162691:19: warning: expression result unused [-Wunused-value]

    PyObject_INIT(o, t);

                  ^

/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include/python2.7/objimpl.h:164:69: note: expanded from macro 'PyObject_INIT'

    ( Py_TYPE(op) = (typeobj), _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)(op)), (op) )

                                                                    ^

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:168247:19: warning: expression result unused [-Wunused-value]

    PyObject_INIT(o, t);

                  ^

/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include/python2.7/objimpl.h:164:69: note: expanded from macro 'PyObject_INIT'

    ( Py_TYPE(op) = (typeobj), _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)(op)), (op) )

                                                                    ^

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:170913:19: warning: expression result unused [-Wunused-value]

    PyObject_INIT(o, t);

                  ^

/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/include/python2.7/objimpl.h:164:69: note: expanded from macro 'PyObject_INIT'

    ( Py_TYPE(op) = (typeobj), _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)(op)), (op) )

                                                                    ^

src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:12774:13: warning: function '__pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_displayNode' is not needed and will not be emitted [-Wunneeded-internal-declaration]

static void __pyx_f_4lxml_5etree_displayNode(xmlNode *__pyx_v_c_node, PyObject *__pyx_v_indent) {

            ^

8 warnings generated.

/usr/bin/clang -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -L/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/lib -arch x86_64 -arch x86_64 build/temp.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -L/Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/lib -lxslt -lexslt -lxml2 -lz -lm -o build/lib.macosx-10.5-x86_64-2.7/lxml/etree.so

clang: error: unable to execute command: Segmentation fault: 11

clang: error: linker command failed due to signal (use -v to see invocation)

error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit status 254

----------------------------------------
Command /Users/mmoncrief/anaconda/envs/py27/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/private/var/folders/l2/zvz4t5rs7pb3n1bc4_bdz6n4cbzgwl/T/pip-build-mmoncrief/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /var/folders/l2/zvz4t5rs7pb3n1bc4_bdz6n4cbzgwl/T/pip-gtlqX_-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/l2/zvz4t5rs7pb3n1bc4_bdz6n4cbzgwl/T/pip-build-mmoncrief/lxml
Storing complete log in /Users/mmoncrief/.pip/pip.log

帮助将不胜感激。我一直在 Anaconda 中为其他应用程序工作，并希望继续使用这个发行版。

Answer 1

这是我的 0.02 美元，根据我的经验，由于 libmxl2 和 libxslt 依赖项，在 OS X 上安装 lxml 总是会导致问题。这里的具体问题是找不到“cpl_port.h”，这表明您的系统上没有 gdal 的 header ，这与我在 lxml 中遇到的问题类似。我找到了这个 StackExchange 帖子 gdal package missing它解决了使用 pip 和虚拟 Ubuntu 机器构建和安装 gdal 的问题，但想法是一样的。需要明确告知 pip 工具在哪里可以找到 gdal 的 header 。

一般来说，问题是 OS X 将 header 放在 *nix 系统的非标准位置，并且依赖项通常比用于开发您尝试安装的软件包的版本落后几个版本。您可以使用 MacPorts 或类似的东西，它会搭载在 OS X 上，为您的所有依赖项创建一个类似于 linux 的结构，以及更多当前版本的库，但是随着虚拟化变得如此好，运行 OS X 的生产系统很少，我觉得有一个更简单的解决方案。我是 15 年以上的 Apple 用户，但在 Mac 上进行 Python 开发时，我的建议是使用某种虚拟化工具，我真的很喜欢 Vagrant with VirtualBox。除非你打算在 OS X 或 OS X Server 上将你的 Python 代码投入生产，否则最好在最终的生产操作系统上开发，这样你在开发过程中就知道哪些依赖版本可用以及存在特定于环境的影响。此外，几乎任何其他操作系统都比 OS X 更容易安装 lxml 和 gdal 等软件包，在 Debian 变体上使用简单的“sudo apt-get install -y --fix-missing”，您可以获得缺少的依赖项并继续前进。 Vagrant 甚至会将您的源文件从主机同步到 guest ，因此您可以毫不费力地使用富客户端 IDE。