android - 循环遍历 ArrayList 时在后台添加标记

Question

我从对象的 ArrayList 添加标记到 googleMap。大约有250个标记；我什至必须将它们转换为位图以自定义它们。这是一项相当耗费资源的任务。但它严重阻塞了我的 UI 线程。

这是我的做法:

    final HashMap<Marker, NearLocation> markerIdMap = new HashMap<Marker, NearLocation>();
    for (final NearLocation result : MainActivity.nearLocationList) {

            // Do all the hard work here

    }

在加载 map 并在生成 map 时填充它们之后，我如何以某种方式动态地执行此操作？我不确定我是否可以通过在后台执行一些工作来做到这一点，然后在标记完成后将其移至 UI 线程进行添加。

我知道如何使用 AsyncTask 单独执行此操作。虽然不确定，但我正在循环...

Answer 1

据我所知，添加标记不能在 UI 线程之外完成。

您可以做的是在后台执行所有准备工作(创建标记、转换为位图等)。为了在添加标记时节省 UI 线程，您可以放大并使用 https://code.google.com/p/android-maps-extensions/仅显示可见标记或群集标记以降低数量，尽管 250 不是很多 imo。

这是关于该主题的 SO 答案:Add markers dynamically on Google Maps v2 for Android

我有一个应用程序，它有大约 4500 个标记，使用第一种方法运行得相当好(只要它不是快速缩小)。应该注意的是，在这里我选择制作一个带有进度条的启动画面，在用户打开 map 之前准备好所有标记。

如果你想要一个简单的机制来选择周围的标记而不使用第三部分库，你可以这样做:Android Maps v2 - animate camera to include most markers

刚才想到的一个想法，如果标记的创建真的那么昂贵，那就是添加 EventBus https://github.com/greenrobot/EventBus到您的项目。

使用 EventBus，您可以在 onEventAsync() 方法中对标记进行长时间运行准备。在该方法中，每当标记准备就绪时，将新标记发布到 UI EventBus.getDefault().post(marker) 并在 onEventMainThread(Marker marker) 中捕获它。在这里，您可以将标记保存在所有准备好的标记列表中，如果 map 当前打开，请添加它。

这是我在前面提到的应用程序中用来准备标记的一些代码。它用于在消防部门使用的应用程序中显示消防栓。第一次启动时，所有消防栓都是从一组 CSV 文件中读取的，并为所有约 4500 个消防栓创建了 MarkerOptions。毫无疑问，很多代码对你没有用，只是留下它，以防你能从中受益:

private List<HydrantHolder> mHydrants;
private Map<HydrantType, List<MarkerOptions>> mMarkers;

private class ReadHydrantsFiles extends
        AsyncTask<Void, Integer, List<HydrantHolder>> {

    File[] hydrantsFiles = new File[0];

    // Before running code in separate thread
    @Override protected void onPreExecute() {

        loadStarted();

        String filepath = paths.PATH_LOCAL_HYDRANTS;

        File hydrantsPath = new File(filepath);
        hydrantsFiles = hydrantsPath.listFiles(new FilenameFilter() {

            @Override public boolean accept(File dir, String filename) {
                return filename.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH).contains(
                        Constants.FILETYPE_CSV);
            }
        });

        int lineCount = 0;

        if (hydrantsFiles == null || hydrantsFiles.length == 0) {
            if (!preferences.isFirstStartUp()) {
                // TODO notify user
            }
            Log.e(TAG, "Missing hydrants");
            if (moduleCallback != null) {
                moduleCallback.doneLoadingModule(toString());
            }
            this.cancel(false);
        } else {

            for (File file : hydrantsFiles) {
                // store linecount for visual progress update
                lineCount += Files.lineCount(file);

            }

        }

    }

    // The code to be executed in a background thread.
    @Override protected List<HydrantHolder> doInBackground(Void... args) {
        List<HydrantHolder> all_hydrants = new ArrayList<HydrantHolder>();
        // Directory path here
        int totalLineProgress = 0;

        // // required
        int indexLatitude = modulePreferences.indexLatitude();
        int indexLongitude = modulePreferences.indexLongitude();
        // optional
        int indexAddress = modulePreferences.indexAddress();
        int indexAddressNumber = modulePreferences.indexAddressNumber();
        int indexAddressRemark = modulePreferences.indexAddressRemark();
        int indexRemark = modulePreferences.indexRemark();
        // decimals
        int latitude_decimal = modulePreferences.latitude_decimal();
        int longitude_decimal = modulePreferences.longitude_decimal();

        if (indexLatitude <= 0 || indexLongitude <= 0)
            return all_hydrants;

        for (File file : hydrantsFiles) {
            BufferedReader in = null;
            try {

                String hydrantspath = paths.PATH_LOCAL_HYDRANTS;
                File hydrantsPath = new File(hydrantspath);

                // Read File Line By Line
                in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                        new FileInputStream(file), "windows-1252"));
                String strLine;
                while ((strLine = in.readLine()) != null) {

                    totalLineProgress++;

                    String[] hydrantParts = strLine.split(";", -1);

                    String errors = "";
                    final String hydrantType = file.getName().replace(
                            Constants.FILETYPE_CSV, "");

                    File[] iconFiles = hydrantsPath
                            .listFiles(new FilenameFilter() {

                                @Override public boolean accept(File dir,
                                        String filename) {
                                    if (filename.contains(hydrantType)
                                            && filename
                                                    .contains(Constants.FILETYPE_PNG)) {
                                        return true;
                                    }
                                    return false;
                                }
                            });

                    HydrantHolder.Builder hb = new HydrantHolder.Builder();
                    if (hydrantParts.length >= 5) {

                        hb.setHydrantType(hydrantType);
                        if (iconFiles.length != 0) {
                            hb.setIconPath(hydrantspath
                                    + File.separatorChar
                                    + iconFiles[0].getName());
                        }
                        hb.setLatitude(hydrantParts[indexLatitude],
                                latitude_decimal);
                        hb.setLongitude(hydrantParts[indexLongitude],
                                longitude_decimal);

                        if (indexAddress > 0)
                            hb.setAddress(hydrantParts[indexAddress]);
                        if (indexAddressNumber > 0)
                            hb.setAddressNumber(hydrantParts[indexAddressNumber]);
                        if (indexAddressRemark > 0)
                            hb.setAddressRemark(hydrantParts[indexAddressRemark]);
                        if (indexRemark > 0)
                            hb.setRemark(hydrantParts[indexRemark]);

                        if (hb.getErrors().isEmpty()) {
                            HydrantHolder hydrant = hb.build();
                            all_hydrants.add(hydrant);
                        } else {
                            // TODO write error file to Dropbox if possible,
                            // otherwise locally
                            Log.d(TAG, errors);
                        }
                    } else {
                        errors = "Missing information";
                    }

                    publishProgress(totalLineProgress);
                }
            } catch (InvalidPathException e) {
                Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
            } finally {
                if (in != null) {
                    try {
                        in.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        Log.d(TAG, "" + all_hydrants.size());
        return all_hydrants;
    }

    // Update the progress
    @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
        // set the current progress of the progress dialog
        // if (progressDialog != null && values != null && values.length >
        // 0) {
        // progressDialog.setProgress(values[0]);
        // }
    }

    @Override protected void onPostExecute(List<HydrantHolder> hydrants) {
        // Device.releaseOrientation((Activity) context);

        Log.d(TAG, "Saved " + hydrants.size() + " hydrants");
        mHydrants = hydrants;

        new PrepareMarkerOptionsTask(hydrants).execute();

        super.onPostExecute(hydrants);
    }

}

private class PrepareMarkerOptionsTask extends
        AsyncTask<Void, Integer, Map<HydrantType, List<MarkerOptions>>> {
    // Before running code in separate thread
    List<HydrantHolder> mHydrants;

    public PrepareMarkerOptionsTask(List<HydrantHolder> hydrants) {
        this.mHydrants = hydrants;
        mMarkers = new HashMap<HydrantsModule.HydrantType, List<MarkerOptions>>();
    }

    @Override protected void onPreExecute() {

    }

    // The code to be executed in a background thread.
    @Override protected Map<HydrantType, List<MarkerOptions>> doInBackground(
            Void... arg) {

        for (HydrantHolder hydrant : mHydrants) {

            final String hydrant_type = hydrant.getHydrantType();
            final String hydrant_icon_path = hydrant.getIconPath();
            double latitude = hydrant.getLatitude();
            double longitude = hydrant.getLongitude();

            final LatLng position = new LatLng(latitude, longitude);

            final String address = hydrant.getAddress();
            final String addressNumber = hydrant.getAddressNumber();
            final String addressremark = hydrant.getAddressRemark();
            final String remark = hydrant.getRemark();

            // Log.d(TAG, hydrant.toString());

            BitmapDescriptor icon = BitmapDescriptorFactory
                    .defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_RED);

            if (!hydrant_icon_path.isEmpty()) {
                File iconfile = new File(hydrant_icon_path);
                if (iconfile.exists()) {
                    BitmapDescriptor loaded_icon = BitmapDescriptorFactory
                            .fromPath(hydrant_icon_path);
                    if (loaded_icon != null) {
                        icon = loaded_icon;
                    } else {
                        Log.e(TAG, "loaded_icon was null");
                    }
                } else {
                    Log.e(TAG, "iconfile did not exist: "
                            + hydrant_icon_path);
                }
            } else {
                Log.e(TAG, "iconpath was empty on hydrant type: "
                        + hydrant_type);
            }

            StringBuffer snippet = new StringBuffer();
            if (!address.isEmpty())
                snippet.append("\n" + address + " " + addressNumber);
            if (addressremark.isEmpty())
                snippet.append("\n" + addressremark);
            if (!remark.isEmpty())
                snippet.append("\n" + remark);

            addHydrantMarker(
                    hydrant_type,
                    new MarkerOptions().position(position)
                            .title(hydrant_type)
                            .snippet(snippet.toString()).icon(icon));

            // publishProgress(markers.size());
        }
        return mMarkers;
    }

    // Update the progress
    @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
    }

    @Override protected void onCancelled() {
    }

    // after executing the code in the thread
    @Override protected void onPostExecute(
            Map<HydrantType, List<MarkerOptions>> markers) {

        Log.d(TAG, "Prepared " + markers.size() + " hydrantMarkerOptions");
        mMarkers = markers;

        loadEnded();

        super.onPostExecute(markers);

    }

}

public Set<HydrantType> getHydrantTypes() {
    return new HashSet<HydrantType>(mMarkers.keySet());
}

private void addHydrantMarker(String typeName, MarkerOptions marker) {
    HydrantType type = new HydrantType(typeName, marker.getIcon());
    if (mMarkers.containsKey(type)) {
        List<MarkerOptions> markers = mMarkers.get(type);
        markers.add(marker);
    } else {
        List<MarkerOptions> markers = new ArrayList<MarkerOptions>();
        markers.add(marker);
        mMarkers.put(type, markers);
        enableHydrantType(type);
    }
}

public class HydrantType {

    private final String name;
    private final BitmapDescriptor icon;

    public HydrantType(String name, BitmapDescriptor icon) {
        this.name = name;
        this.icon = icon;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public BitmapDescriptor getIcon() {
        return icon;
    }

    @Override public int hashCode() {
        return name.hashCode();
    }

    @Override public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (o instanceof HydrantType) {
            if (((HydrantType) o).name.equals(name)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

} 

根据评论，我添加了更多文本和代码。

是的，我一次添加了所有的 MarkerOptions。虽然，因为我在添加所有标记之前放大了 GoogleMaps-extensions(第一个链接)只花费 CPU 能力将可见标记添加到 map 。如果用户平移 map 或缩小 map ，则会自动添加更多可见标记。

要使 map 延迟加载标记:

@Override
public void onMapReady(GoogleMap map) {
    Log.i(TAG, "onMapReady");
    if (map != null) {
        map.setClustering(new ClusteringSettings().enabled(false)
                .addMarkersDynamically(true));
    }
}

还有我用来添加消防栓的代码(现在这在很多情况下过于复杂，但如果你仔细阅读，它只是简单地缩放到一个地址并在缩放完成后才添加所有消防栓):

public void addHydrantsNearAddress(final AddressHolder addressHolder,
        final boolean zoomToAddress) {

    final GoogleMap map = googlemaps.getMap();


    final OnCameraChangeListener addHydrantsAfterZoom = new OnCameraChangeListener() {

        @Override public void onCameraChange(CameraPosition cameraPosition) {
            Log.d(TAG, cameraPosition.target.toString());
            Log.d(TAG, addressHolder.position.toString());

            final GoogleMap map = googlemaps.getMap();
            // if (Location.distanceBetween(cameraPosition.tar,
            // startLongitude, endLatitude, endLongitude, results)) {
            new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {

                @Override public void run() {
                    addAllHydrants();
                }
            }, 500);

            map.setOnCameraChangeListener(null); // unregister
            // }
        }
    };

    if (map == null) {
        // wait for the map to be ready before adding hydrants
        googlemaps.setGoogleMapsCallback(new GoogleMapsCallback() {

            @Override public void mapReady(GoogleMap map) {

                if (zoomToAddress) {
                    map.setOnCameraChangeListener(addHydrantsAfterZoom);
                    googlemaps.zoomTo(addressHolder);
                } else {
                    addAllHydrants();
                }

                googlemaps.setGoogleMapsCallback(null); // unregister
            }
        });
    } else {

        if (zoomToAddress) {
            // only setOnCameraChangeListener if cammera needs to move
            LatLng cammeraPos = map.getCameraPosition().target;
            LatLng addressPos = addressHolder.position;

            float[] results = new float[1];
            Location.distanceBetween(cammeraPos.latitude,
                    cammeraPos.longitude, addressPos.latitude,
                    addressPos.longitude, results);

            // Log.d(TAG, "distance " + results[0]);

            if (results[0] > 1) {
                map.setOnCameraChangeListener(addHydrantsAfterZoom);
                googlemaps.zoomTo(addressHolder);
            } else {
                googlemaps.zoomTo(addressHolder);
                addAllHydrants();
            }

        }

    }

}

为了举例，这个比需要的更复杂的另一个原因是我让用户在消防栓类型之间进行过滤。尽管如此，希望你能看到这个想法。

addAllHydrants() 听起来很简单，迭代 MarkerOptions 并添加它们:

public void addAllHydrants() {

    enableAllHydrants();

    GoogleMap map = googlemaps.getMap();

    map.setTrafficEnabled(modulePreferences.showTraffic());
    map.setMapType(modulePreferences.getMapType());

    addHydrants(map);
}

private void addHydrants(GoogleMap map) {

    Log.d(TAG, "addHydrants");

    if (mHydrants == null || mHydrants.isEmpty()) {
        Toast.makeText(context,
                context.getString(R.string.missing_hydrants),
                Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        return;
    } else {
        for (MarkerOptions marker : getEnabledHydrantMarkers()) {
            map.addMarker(marker);
        }
    }

}

我真的认为，如果您尝试自己计算、获取和添加可见标记，而不仅仅是自己计算、获取和添加可见标记，那会使事情变得过于复杂。

1. 准备 MarkerOptions(第一个代码块中的示例)
2. 使用 onMapReady 回调等待 map 准备就绪(相关示例在 Google 的官方示例中)
3. 在新创建的 map 上设置 addMarkersDynamically(true)
4. 放大地址或感兴趣的区域(例如设备位置)
5. 添加所有MarkerOptions
6. 在 map 上移动时看到自动添加的标记

回答关于onMapReady回调的问题

如果您使用 XML 添加 map ，那么我怀疑您可能不需要添加回调。尝试直接在 Activity 的 onCreate() 中使用 map 。只要对 getExtendedMap() 的调用不为空，就应该没问题。

我正在代码中创建 fragment ，以便能够将 Controller 代码与 map 放在一起。因此我的 SupportMapFragment 看起来像这样:

public class GoogleMapFragment extends SupportMapFragment {

    private OnGoogleMapFragmentListener mCallback;

    public GoogleMapFragment() {
        mCallback = null;
    }

    public static interface OnGoogleMapFragmentListener {
        void onMapReady(GoogleMap map);
    }

    @Override public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
        super.onAttach(activity);
        try {
            mCallback = (OnGoogleMapFragmentListener) activity;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new ClassCastException(getActivity().getClass().getName()
                    + " must implement OnGoogleMapFragmentListener");
        }

    }

    @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater,
            ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
        if (mCallback != null) {
            mCallback.onMapReady(getExtendedMap());
        }

        return view;
    }

}