python - 如何在不实际打开浏览器 ("without using the webbrowser module"的情况下使用 Python 向服务器发送 URL 请求？

Question

我想在登录时将此 URL 作为请求发送到服务器以更改网站上的某些内容。问题是，当我使用 mechanize 或 urllib2 打开 URL 时，它不会更改网站上的任何内容.但是，当我使用 webbrowser 模块时，它确实改变了网站上的内容。我想做 webbrowser 模块做的事情，但不打开实际的浏览器。有没有办法做到这一点？为什么 mechanize 和 urllib2 不起作用？

编辑: 我所说的“对网站的更改”是指我在网站上发布的信息得到了这些称为“股票”和“门票”的东西。我的程序找到准确的信息(如果是假的，他们会把你赶出去)并使用 URL，将其“插入”到网站中。

示例 URL(我所有其他人都遵循这种格式):

http://www.locationary.com/access/proxy.jsp?ACTION_TOKEN=proxy_jsp $JspView$SaveAction&inPlaceID=1020634218&xxx_c_1_f_987=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yellowpages.com%2Fpittsburgh-pa%2Fmip%2Ffamily-dollar-store-1349194%3Flid%3D1349194

Mechanize 代码:

import mechanize
br = mechanize.Browser()
url = http://www.locationary.com/access/proxy.jsp?ACTION_TOKEN=proxy_jsp$JspView$SaveAction&inPlaceID=1020634218&xxx_c_1_f_987=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yellowpages.com%2Fpittsburgh-pa%2Fmip%2Ffamily-dollar-store-1349194%3Flid%3D1349194
br.open(url)

urllib2代码:

from urllib2 import urlopen
url = http://www.locationary.com/access/proxy.jsp?ACTION_TOKEN=proxy_jsp$JspView$SaveAction&inPlaceID=1020634218&xxx_c_1_f_987=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yellowpages.com%2Fpittsburgh-pa%2Fmip%2Ffamily-dollar-store-1349194%3Flid%3D1349194
page = urllib2.urlopen(url)
page.read()

浏览器代码:

import webbrowser
url = http://www.locationary.com/access/proxy.jsp?ACTION_TOKEN=proxy_jsp$JspView$SaveAction&inPlaceID=1020634218&xxx_c_1_f_987=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yellowpages.com%2Fpittsburgh-pa%2Fmip%2Ffamily-dollar-store-1349194%3Flid%3D1349194
webbrowser.open(url)

编辑 #2我刚才试过这段代码:

import urllib2
import urllib

def log_in():
    url = 'https://www.locationary.com/index.jsp?ACTION_TOKEN=tile_loginBar_jsp$JspView$LoginAction'
    values = {'inUserName' : 'me@gmail.com',
              'inUserPass' : 'myPass'}
    data = urllib.urlencode(values)
    req = urllib2.Request(url, data)
    req.add_header('Host', 'www.locationary.com')
    req.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:8.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/8.0')
    req.add_header('Accept', 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8')
    req.add_header('Accept-Language', 'en-us,en;q=0.5')
    req.add_header('Accept-Encoding','gzip, deflate')
    req.add_header('Accept-Charset','ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7')
    req.add_header('Connection','keep-alive')
    req.add_header('Referer','http://www.locationary.com/')
    req.add_header('Cookie','site_version=REGULAR; __utma=47547066.1079503560.1321924193.1322707232.1324693472.36; __utmz=47547066.1321924193.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); nickname=jacob501; locaCountry=1033; locaState=1795; locaCity=Montreal; jforumUserId=1; PMS=1; TurnOFfTips=true; Locacookie=enable; __utma=47547066.1079503560.1321924193.1322707232.1324693472.36; __utmz=47547066.1321924193.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); nickname=jacob501; PMS=1; __utmb=47547066.15.10.1324693472; __utmc=47547066; JSESSIONID=DC7F5AB08264A51FBCDB836393CB16E7; PSESSIONID=28b334905ab6305f7a7fe051e83857bc280af1a9; __utmc=47547066; __utmb=47547066.15.10.1324693472; ACTION_RESULT_CODE=ACTION_RESULT_FAIL; ACTION_ERROR_TEXT=java.lang.NullPointerException')
    req.add_header('Content-Type','application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
    response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
    page = response.read()

url2 = 'http://www.locationary.com/access/proxy.jsp?ACTION_TOKEN=proxy_jsp$JspView$SaveAction&inPlaceID=1020634218&xxx_c_1_f_987=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yellowpages.com%2Fpittsburgh-pa%2Fmip%2Ffamily-dollar-store-1349194%3Flid%3D1349194'

log_in()
response2 = urllib2.urlopen(url2)
page2 = response2.read()

但是没用。

编辑 3: 来自 tony 的代码对我不起作用。

import urllib2
import urllib
import cookielib

data = urllib.urlencode({"inUserName":"MYUSERNAMESHOULDBEHERE", "inUserPass":"MYPASSWORDSHOULDBEHERE"})
jar = cookielib.FileCookieJar("cookies")
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(jar))
request = urllib2.Request("https://www.locationary.com/index.jsp?ACTION_TOKEN=tile_loginBar_jsp$JspView$LoginAction", data)
opener.open(request) 
url = "http://www.locationary.com/access/proxy.jsp?ACTION_TOKEN=proxy_jsp$JspView$SaveAction&inPlaceID=1012432546&xxx_c_1_f_987=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yellowpages.com%2Fpittsburgh-pa%2Fmip%2Fdennys-13470813%3Flid%3D13470813"
anything = opener.open(url)
anything.read()

最终编辑!我终于按照 Tony 的建议让它工作了!

这是我的最终代码:

import urllib2
import urllib
import cookielib

data = urllib.urlencode({"inUserName":"myemail@gmail.com", "inUserPass":"mypassword"})
jar = cookielib.FileCookieJar("cookies")
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(jar))
opener.addheaders.append(('User-agent', 'Mozilla/4.0'))
opener.addheaders.append( ('Referer', 'http://www.hellboundhackers.org/index.php') )
opener.addheaders.append(('Cookie','site_version=REGULAR; __utma=47547066.912030359.1322003402.1324688192.1324930160.55; __utmz=47547066.1324655802.52.13.utmcsr=google|utmccn=(organic)|utmcmd=organic|utmctr=cache:dr23PN5fUj4J:www.locationary.com/%20locationary; nickname=jacob501; jforumUserId=1; PMS=1; locaCountry=1033; locaState=1786; locaCity=Vancouver; JSESSIONID=A8F241E1924CE7A25FAA8C5CA6597697; PSESSIONID=5c21c44245f978b917f17982c944a9ec2b5d2df5; Locacookie=enable; __utmb=47547066.5.10.1324930160; __utmc=47547066'))
request = urllib2.Request("https://www.locationary.com/index.jsp?ACTION_TOKEN=tile_loginBar_jsp$JspView$LoginAction", data)
response = opener.open(request) 
url = "http://www.locationary.com/"
anything = opener.open(url)
anything.read()

我所要做的就是添加一行

opener.addheaders.append(('Cookie','site_version=REGULAR; __utma=47547066.912030359.1322003402.1324688192.1324930160.55; __utmz= 

等等等(真的很长的代码行，cookie)

为了以防万一，我还添加了“Referer”和“User-Agent” header 。

谢谢托尼!!

Answer 1

首先你应该用引号写 url 变量:

url = "http://www.locationary.com/access/proxy.jsp?ACTION_TOKEN=proxy_jsp$JspView$SaveAction&inPlaceID=1020634218&xxx_c_1_f_987=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yellowpages.com%2Fpittsburgh-pa%2Fmip%2Ffamily-dollar-store-1349194%3Flid%3D1349194"

如果你想在不打开浏览器的情况下发送请求，你可以像你一样使用 urllib。

如果您需要身份验证(好像您确实需要)，您应该发送身份验证请求，获取 cookie(为此使用 cookielib.FileCookieJar)并将它们设置在 opener 中。然后您将能够打开页面并发送请求。

大约你需要这样的东西:

data=urllib.urlencode({"login":"your login or whatever, "pass":"password}) # be aware you need to change "login" and "pass" to names of fields in form you have.
jar = cookielib.FileCookieJar("cookies")
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(jar))
request = urllib2.Request("url for authentication", data)
opener.open(request) # now you should be authorized and able to send any request like logged in user, using opener

url = "http://www.locationary.com/access/proxy.jsp?ACTION_TOKEN=proxy_jsp$JspView$SaveAction&inPlaceID=1020634218&xxx_c_1_f_987=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yellowpages.com%2Fpittsburgh-pa%2Fmip%2Ffamily-dollar-store-1349194%3Flid%3D1349194"
anything = opener.open(url)
anything.read()