python - 导入错误 : No module named 'config.settings' ; 'config' is not a package

Question

我正在尝试让我的 cookiecutter-django 应用程序在 Apache 下运行，并通过 pip 安装了 mod_wsgi。

python3 manager.py runserver 有效。

但是在 Apache 中运行它之后，我得到了一个错误，说没有找到模块配置。所以我 pip install config。 (它没有安装在我的开发系统上。)

在我的/usr/local/pulseenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages 中放置了一个 config.py 文件。

我修复了该文件的各种语法错误。据我所知，这些错误是由于 python 2.7 和 3.5 之间的变化造成的。

但现在我遇到了这个错误，我不知道该从哪里开始:

ImportError: No module named 'config.settings'; 'config' is not a package

我在 error.log 中没有看到任何关于如何进一步跟踪错误的线索。那么这个模块是什么？为什么我需要它？以及如何弄清楚我的问题是什么？

编辑:

这是我的虚拟主机文件 (/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf):

<VirtualHost *:80>

        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        #DocumentRoot /var/www/html
        DocumentRoot /var/www/pulsemanager/pulsemanager


            Alias /static /var/www/pulsemanager/pulsemanager/static
            <Directory /var/www/pulsemanager/pulsemanager/static>
                Require all granted
            </Directory>

            <Directory /var/www/pulsemanager/config>
                <Files wsgi.py>
                    Require all granted
                </Files>
            </Directory>

           WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/pulsemanager/config/wsgi.py
           WSGIDaemonProcess pulsemanager
           WSGIProcessGroup pulsemanager
           WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}

    </VirtualHost>

我的项目布局如下:

ubuntu@ip-172-31-84-213:/var/www/pulsemanager$ ls
conf              docs         instantdudiobook.ipynb  package.json         pytest.ini  reqs.txt      setup.cfg
config            env.example  LICENSE                 pulsemanager         README.md   reqs.txt.sav  survey2.txt
CONTRIBUTORS.txt  gulpfile.js  manage.py               pulsenotebook.ipynb  README.rst  requirements  utility
ubuntu@ip-172-31-84-213:/var/www/pulsemanager$ cd pulsemanager/
ubuntu@ip-172-31-84-213:/var/www/pulsemanager/pulsemanager$ ls
contrib  locale  lsrc3  static  surveys  templates  users
ubuntu@ip-172-31-84-213:/var/www/pulsemanager/pulsemanager$

这是我的虚拟环境:

ubuntu@ip-172-31-84-213:/usr/local/pulseenv$ ls
bin  include  lib  lib64  pip-selfcheck.json  pyvenv.cfg  share
ubuntu@ip-172-31-84-213:/usr/local/pulseenv$ cd lib
ubuntu@ip-172-31-84-213:/usr/local/pulseenv/lib$ pip3 list
Package                       Version
----------------------------- ----------------------
apturl                        0.5.2
argon2                        0.1.10
argon2-cffi                   18.1.0
arrow                         0.12.1
beautifulsoup4                4.4.1
binaryornot                   0.4.4
blinker                       1.3
Brlapi                        0.6.4
cairocffi                     0.8.0
certifi                       2018.1.18
cffi                          1.11.5
chardet                       3.0.4
checkbox-support              0.22
click                         6.7
config                        0.3.9
cloud-init                    18.2
command-not-found             0.3
configobj                     5.0.6
cookiecutter                  1.6.0
cryptography                  1.2.3
cssselect2                    0.2.1
cycler                        0.10.0
defer                         1.0.6
defusedxml                    0.5.0
Django                        2.0.3
django-admin-tools            0.8.1
django-allauth                0.35.0
django-autoslug               1.9.3
django-crispy-forms           1.7.2
django-debug-toolbar          1.9.1
django-environ                0.4.4
django-extensions             2.0.6
django-language-field         0.0.3
django-model-utils            3.1.1
feedparser                    5.1.3
future                        0.16.0
guacamole                     0.9.2
hibagent                      1.0.1
httplib2                      0.9.1
idna                          2.6
Jinja2                        2.8
jinja2-time                   0.2.0
jsonpatch                     1.10
jsonpointer                   1.9
language-selector             0.1
louis                         2.6.4
lxml                          3.5.0
Mako                          1.0.3
MarkupSafe                    0.23
oauthlib                      1.0.3
onboard                       1.2.0
padme                         1.1.1
pdfrw                         0.4
pexpect                       4.0.1
pip                           10.0.1
plainbox                      0.25
poyo                          0.4.1
prettytable                   0.7.2
ptyprocess                    0.5
pyasn1                        0.1.9
pycparser                     2.18
pycups                        1.9.73
pycurl                        7.43.0
pygobject                     3.20.0
PyJWT                         1.3.0
pyparsing                     2.0.3
Pyphen                        0.9.4
pyserial                      3.0.1
python-apt                    1.1.0b1+ubuntu0.16.4.1
python-dateutil               2.7.0
python-debian                 0.1.27
python-systemd                231
python3-openid                3.1.0
pytz                          2018.3
pyxdg                         0.25
PyYAML                        3.11
reportlab                     3.3.0
requests                      2.18.4
requests-oauthlib             0.8.0
sessioninstaller              0.0.0
setuptools                    39.1.0
six                           1.10.0
sqlparse                      0.2.4
ssh-import-id                 5.5
system-service                0.3
tinycss2                      0.6.1
ubuntu-drivers-common         0.0.0
ufw                           0.35
unattended-upgrades           0.1
unity-scope-calculator        0.1
unity-scope-chromiumbookmarks 0.1
unity-scope-colourlovers      0.1
unity-scope-devhelp           0.1
unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks  0.1
unity-scope-gdrive            0.7
unity-scope-manpages          0.1
unity-scope-openclipart       0.1
unity-scope-texdoc            0.1
unity-scope-tomboy            0.1
unity-scope-virtualbox        0.1
unity-scope-yelp              0.1
unity-scope-zotero            0.1
urllib3                       1.22
usb-creator                   0.3.0
webencodings                  0.5.1
wheel                         0.29.0
whichcraft                    0.4.1
xdiagnose                     3.8.4.1
xkit                          0.0.0
XlsxWriter                    0.7.3

编辑 2:

我有一个配置目录:

ubuntu@ip-172-31-84-213:~$ cd /var/www/pulsemanager/config/
ubuntu@ip-172-31-84-213:/var/www/pulsemanager/config$ ls
__init__.py  __pycache__  settings  urls.py  wsgi.py
ubuntu@ip-172-31-84-213:/var/www/pulsemanager/config$ cd settings
ubuntu@ip-172-31-84-213:/var/www/pulsemanager/config/settings$ ls
base.py  __init__.py  local.py  production.py  __pycache__  test.py
ubuntu@ip-172-31-84-213:/var/www/pulsemanager/config/settings$

这是我的 wsgi.py。似乎 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 应该默认为 config.settings.production (/var/pulsemanager/config/settings/production.py):

"""
WSGI config for pulsemanager project.


"""
import os
import sys

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

# This allows easy placement of apps within the interior
# pulsemanager directory.
app_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)).replace('/config', '')
sys.path.append(os.path.join(app_path, 'pulsemanager'))

if os.environ.get('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE') == 'config.settings.production':
    from raven.contrib.django.raven_compat.middleware.wsgi import Sentry

# We defer to a DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE already in the environment. This breaks
# if running multiple sites in the same mod_wsgi process. To fix this, use
# mod_wsgi daemon mode with each site in its own daemon process, or use
# os.environ["DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"] = "config.settings.production"
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "config.settings.production")

# This application object is used by any WSGI server configured to use this
# file. This includes Django's development server, if the WSGI_APPLICATION
# setting points here.
application = get_wsgi_application()
if os.environ.get('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE') == 'config.settings.production':
    application = Sentry(application)
# Apply WSGI middleware here.
# from helloworld.wsgi import HelloWorldApplication
# application = HelloWorldApplication(application)

编辑 3:

我删除了配置包。我很确定那是一条红鲱鱼。我看到几个对“配置”的引用，例如 os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "config.settings.production") 和 app_path = os.path.dirname(os.path .abspath(__file__)).replace('/config', '') 在 wsgi.py 中。这些事情之一是我的问题所在吗？

我将 export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=config.settings.production 添加到 config/__init__.py 甚至尝试放置 os.environ["DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"] = "config.settings.production" 靠近 wsgi.py 的顶部。

我将 WSGIDaemonProcess 更新为:

WSGIDaemonProcess pulsemanager python-home=/usr/local/pulseenv/  python-path=/var/www/pulsemanager/pulsemanager:/usr/local/pulseenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages 

但我仍然得到:

ImportError: No module named 'config'

这是更多的error.log

    [Tue May 08 16:58:33.360155 2018] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 7420:tid 139690171062144] AH00489: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu) OpenSSL/1.0.2g mod_wsgi/4.6.4 Python/3.5 configured -- resuming normal operations
    [Tue May 08 16:58:33.360248 2018] [core:notice] [pid 7420:tid 139690171062144] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/apache2'
    [Tue May 08 16:58:33.414142 2018] [wsgi:info] [pid 7423:tid 139690171062144] mod_wsgi (pid=7423): Attach interpreter ''.
    [Tue May 08 16:58:33.437248 2018] [wsgi:info] [pid 7423:tid 139690171062144] mod_wsgi (pid=7423): Adding '/var/www/pulsemanager/pulsemanager' to path.
    [Tue May 08 16:58:33.441845 2018] [wsgi:info] [pid 7423:tid 139690171062144] mod_wsgi (pid=7423): Adding '/usr/local/pulseenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages' to path.
    [Tue May 08 16:58:33.449915 2018] [wsgi:info] [pid 7423:tid 139690171062144] mod_wsgi (pid=7423): Imported 'mod_wsgi'.
    [Tue May 08 16:58:33.454029 2018] [wsgi:info] [pid 7423:tid 139690021156608] [remote 172.31.6.98:39831] mod_wsgi (pid=7423, process='pulsemanager', application=''): Loading Python script file '/var/www/pulsemanager/config/wsgi.py'.
    [Tue May 08 16:58:33.683108 2018] [wsgi:error] [pid 7423:tid 139690021156608] [remote 172.31.6.98:39831] mod_wsgi (pid=7423): Failed to exec Python script file '/var/www/pulsemanager/config/wsgi.py'.
    [Tue May 08 16:58:33.683161 2018] [wsgi:error] [pid 7423:tid 139690021156608] [remote 172.31.6.98:39831] mod_wsgi (pid=7423): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/var/www/pulsemanager/config/wsgi.py'.
   ...

    [Tue May 08 16:59:13.003234 2018] [wsgi:error] [pid 7423:tid 139689928836864] [remote 172.31.93.15:41324] ImportError: No module named 'config'

Answer 1

您的 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 需要指定项目根文件夹中存在的包或模块。

[pulsemanager]/
├── [config]/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py

virtual environments

使用 mod_wsgi 守护进程模式

WSGIDaemonProcess pulsemanager python-home=/path/to/venv/
WSGIProcessGroup pulsemanager

对于在单个 mod_wsgi 进程中运行的多个站点，所有站点都将使用最先运行的站点的设置。这可以通过更改来解决:

os.environ["DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"] = "{{ project_name }}.settings.{{env}}"

更新了 wsgi.py

import os
import sys

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "pulsemanager.settings.production")

if os.environ.get("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE") == "pulsemanager.settings.production":
    from raven.contrib.django.raven_compat.middleware.wsgi import Sentry
    application = Sentry(get_wsgi_application())
else:
    get_wsgi_application()