python - 使用 Tkinter 和 pylab/matplotlib 嵌入 : can't update figure/canvas? 播放、暂停、停止的彩色绘图动画

Question

我已经看过，但没有发现之前的问题足够具体，如果重复出现，我们深表歉意。目标:GUI 使用 pylab 的 pcolor 绘制的不同矩阵数据不断更新图形，以便有一个正在运行的动画。但是用户应该能够通过 Tkinter 小部件按钮播放、暂停、停止动画。

在我使用 set_array()、draw() 和 canvas.manager.after() 获得 matplotlib 的答案之前......，我有使我能够开始动画的工作代码，但我不知道如何停止或暂停它，当只使用 matplotlib 功能时，所以我决定使用 Tkinter straigt up 而不是 matplotlib 的 Tcl/Tk 包装器。这是仅供引用的工作代码，以防万一有人有任何想法。但是继续做真题。

# mouse click the "Play" button widget to play animation
# PROBLEMS:
# 1. can't pause or stop animation. once loop starts it cant be broken
# 2. set_array attribute for pcolor PolyCollection object only updates the matrix
# C of pcolor, however for my actual application, I will be using pcolor(x,y,C)
# and will have new x,y, and C per plot. Unlike line object, where set_xdata and
# set_ydata are used, I can't find an analogy to pcolor. If I were updating an
# image I could use set_data(x,y,C), but i am not importing an image. I assume
# pcolor is still my best bet unless (as in Matlab) there is an equivalent
# image(x,y,C) function?

import time as t
from pylab import *
from matplotlib.widgets import Button
ion()
def pressPlay(event):
    #fig=figure()
    ax = subplot(111)
    subplots_adjust(bottom=0.2)
    c=rand(5,5)
    cplot=pcolor(c)
    draw()
    for i in range(5):
        c=rand(5,5)
        cplot.set_array(c.ravel())
        cplot.autoscale()
        title('Ionosphere '+str(i+1))
        t.sleep(3)
        draw()
axPlay = axes([0.7, 0.05, 0.1, 0.075])
bPlay = Button(axPlay, 'Play')
bPlay.on_clicked(pressPlay)

顺便说一句:在导入 pylab 时，TkAgg 后端会自动设置为在 matplotlib 中使用...我认为。或者我以某种方式自动使用 TkAgg。我正在运行 Linux、Python 2.6.4、Ipython 0.10。

我操纵了从 Daniweb IT 讨论社区找到的代码，以便使用 Tkinter 和 update_idletasks() 函数我可以播放，停止标签小部件的颜色变化。只要安装了 Tkinter，就可以单独在 python 上运行。没有使用 matplotlib 或 pylab。这是工作代码，也是我质疑的最终代码的主干。

# This is meant to draw Start and Stop buttons and a label
# The Start button should start a loop in which the label
# is configured to change color by looping through a color list.
# At each pass through the loop the variable self.stop is checked:
# if True the loop terminates.
# The Stop button terminates the loop by setting the
# variable self.stop to True.
# The Start button restarts the animation from the beginning
# if Stop was hit last, or restarts the animation from where it left off
# if pause was hit last.
# The loop also terminates on the last color of the list, as if stop were hit


from Tkinter import *
colors = ['red','green','blue','orange','brown','black','white','purple','violet']
numcol=len(colors)
class SGWidget(Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.top_frame = Frame(bg='green')
        self.top_frame.grid()
        # enter event loop until all idle callbacks have been called.
        self.top_frame.update_idletasks()
        self.makeToolbar()
        # construct a label widget with the parent frame top_frame
        self.label = Label(self.top_frame,text = 'Text',bg='orange')
        self.label.grid()
 # initialize (time index t)
        self.t=0

    def makeToolbar(self):
        self.toolbar_text = ['Play','Pause','Stop']
        self.toolbar_length = len(self.toolbar_text)
        self.toolbar_buttons = [None] * self.toolbar_length

        for toolbar_index in range(self.toolbar_length):
            text = self.toolbar_text[toolbar_index]
            bg = 'yellow'
            button_id = Button(self.top_frame,text=text,background=bg)
            button_id.grid(row=0, column=toolbar_index)
            self.toolbar_buttons[toolbar_index] = button_id

            def toolbar_button_handler(event, self=self, button=toolbar_index):
                return self.service_toolbar(button)

            # bind mouse click on start or stop to the toolbar_button_handler
            button_id.bind("<Button-1>", toolbar_button_handler)

    # call blink() if start and set stop when stop            
    def service_toolbar(self, toolbar_index):
        if toolbar_index == 0:
            self.stop = False
            print self.stop
            self.blink()
        elif toolbar_index == 1:
            self.stop = True
            print self.stop
        elif toolbar_index == 2:
            self.stop = True
            print self.stop
            self.t=0

    # while in start, check if stop is clicked, if not, call blink recursivly
    def blink(self):
        if not self.stop:
            print 'looping',self.stop
            self.label.configure(bg=colors[self.t])
            self.t += 1
            if self.t == numcol: # push stop button
                self.service_toolbar(2)
            self.label.update_idletasks()
            self.after(500, self.blink)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    SGWidget().mainloop()

然后，在 matplotlib 示例 embedding_in_tk.html 的帮助下，http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/examples/user_interfaces/embedding_in_tk.html ，我操纵了前面的代码来为连接到 pcolor 图的 Canvas 设置动画。但是，使用 canvas.get_tk_widget() 更新 Canvas 并不能达到我假设的效果，因为它之前的命令会重新绘制 pcolor()。所以我猜我每次重新绘制时都必须重新连接 Canvas 和图形？但我不知道怎么办。我希望我什至在使用 update_idletasks() 的正确轨道上？？？

那么，对于下面的代码，当代码在 Play 中循环时，我看到的只是相同的情节，而不是更新的图形？这是我的主要问题。

from pylab import *
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from Tkinter import *

colors=[None]*10
for i in range(len(colors)):
    colors[i]=rand(5,5)
    #colors = ['red','green','blue','orange','brown','black','white','purple','violet']
numcol=len(colors)

class App(Frame):
    def __init__(self,parent=None):
        Frame.__init__(self,parent)
        self.top=Frame()
        self.top.grid()
        self.top.update_idletasks()

        self.makeWidgets()
        self.makeToolbar()

    def makeWidgets(self):
        # figsize (w,h tuple in inches) dpi (dots per inch)
        #f = Figure(figsize=(5,4), dpi=100)
        self.f = Figure()
        self.a = self.f.add_subplot(111)
        self.a.pcolor(rand(5,5))
        # a tk.DrawingArea
        self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.f, master=self.top)
        self.canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=3,column=0,columnspan=3)
        self.bClose = Button(self.top, text='Close',command=self.top.destroy)
        self.bClose.grid()
        #self.label = Label(self.top, text = 'Text',bg='orange')
        #self.label.grid()
        # initialize (time index t)
        self.t=0

    def makeToolbar(self):
        self.toolbar_text = ['Play','Pause','Stop']
        self.toolbar_length = len(self.toolbar_text)
        self.toolbar_buttons = [None] * self.toolbar_length

        for toolbar_index in range(self.toolbar_length):
            text = self.toolbar_text[toolbar_index]
            bg = 'yellow'
            button_id = Button(self.top,text=text,background=bg)
            button_id.grid(row=0, column=toolbar_index)
            self.toolbar_buttons[toolbar_index] = button_id

            def toolbar_button_handler(event, self=self, button=toolbar_index):
                return self.service_toolbar(button)

            button_id.bind("<Button-1>", toolbar_button_handler)

    # call blink() if start and set stop when stop            
    def service_toolbar(self, toolbar_index):
        if toolbar_index == 0:
            self.stop = False
            print self.stop
            self.blink()
        elif toolbar_index == 1:
            self.stop = True
            print self.stop
        elif toolbar_index == 2:
            self.stop = True
            print self.stop
            self.t=0

    # while in start, check if stop is clicked, if not, call blink recursivly
    def blink(self):
        if not self.stop:
            print 'looping',self.stop
            self.a.pcolor(colors[self.t])
            #draw()
            #self.label.configure(bg=colors[self.t])
            self.t += 1
            if self.t == numcol: # push stop button
                self.service_toolbar(2)
            self.canvas.get_tk_widget().update_idletasks()
            #self.label.update_idletasks()
            self.after(500, self.blink)

#root = Tk()
app=App()
app.mainloop()

感谢您的帮助!

Answer 1

在你的闪烁函数中，在调用空闲任务之前添加一个self.canvas.show():

self.canvas.show() # insert this line
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().update_idletasks()