python - 在脚本中使用 Django 模型

Question

我有一个 xml 解析器，它会将数据存储到 MySQL 数据库中，作为 django 应用程序的一部分。解析器旨在每天运行，捕获一些测试输出:

`dbsync.py`:

   1 #!/usr/bin/env python
   2 import os
   3 os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'autotester.settings'
   4 
   5 import xml_parser
   6 from models import *

Django 项目称为 autotester，app 称为 autoreporter。当我执行

python dbsync.py

我得到:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "autoreporter/dbsync.py", line 6, in <module>
    from models import *
  File "/root/autotester/autoreporter/models.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.db import models
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from django.db.models.query import Q
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 17, in <module>
    from django.db.models.deletion import Collector
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/deletion.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.db.models import signals, sql
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/sql/__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.db.models.sql.subqueries import *
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/sql/subqueries.py", line 12, in <module>
    from django.db.models.sql.query import Query
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 22, in <module>
    from django.db.models.sql import aggregates as base_aggregates_module
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/sql/aggregates.py", line 9, in <module>
    ordinal_aggregate_field = IntegerField()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 116, in __init__
    self.db_tablespace = db_tablespace or settings.DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 54, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 49, in _setup
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 132, in __init__
    % (self.SETTINGS_MODULE, e)
ImportError: Could not import settings 'autotester.settings' (Is it on sys.path? Is there an import error in the settings file?): No module named autotester.settings

如何设置 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE，以便正确执行 dbsync.py 脚本？

Answer 1

两个问题

1. 您需要从您的应用程序导入模型，因此只要您的 Django 项目位于 PYTHONPATH 中，您就可以通过以下方式简单地导入应用程序模型:

从 autoreporter.models 导入 *

或者做一个相对导入，如果 dbsync.py(从你的回溯中看)在应用程序目录中。

from .models import *

1. 将 Django 项目添加到 PYTHONPATH。你需要让 PYTHONPATH 中的 Django 项目可以从你的 dbsync.py 访问它(前提是它在你的 django 应用程序目录中)，快速简单的解决方法是在你的dbsync.py 的代码。

   import sys
   import os
   ##get project directory
   BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
   ##get project parent directory and add to python path using sys.path.append
   SYS_PATH = os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR)
   if SYS_PATH not in sys.path:
       sys.path.append(SYS_PATH)
   os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'autotester.settings'