使用 Robotium 进行 Android Studio 黑盒测试

Question

我正在尝试使用 Robotium 为我只有 APK(无源代码)的应用程序编写黑盒测试。文档很差并且仅限于 Eclipse。我想弄清楚如何在 Android Studio 上编写此类测试。到目前为止，我已经创建了一个新项目并修改了依赖项的 gradle 文件

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 22
    buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.crysis.myautomatedtest"
        minSdkVersion 18
        targetSdkVersion 22
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1'

    compile 'com.jayway.android.robotium:robotium:5.4.1'
    compile 'com.jayway.android.robotium:robotium-solo:5.4.1'
}

然后我编写测试并将它们放在主文件夹中(因为这是一个测试外部 apk 的仅测试项目)

package com.crysis.myautomatedtest;

import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;
import android.widget.EditText;

import com.robotium.solo.Solo;

public class RobotiumTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 {
    private static final String LAUNCHER_ACTIVITY_FULL_CLASSNAME = "com.external.apptotest.LoginActivity";
    private static Class launcherActivityClass;
    static {
        try {
            launcherActivityClass = Class
                    .forName(LAUNCHER_ACTIVITY_FULL_CLASSNAME);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
    public RobotiumTest() throws ClassNotFoundException {
        super(launcherActivityClass);
    }
    private Solo mDevice;

    @Override
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        mDevice = new Solo(getInstrumentation(), getActivity());
    }

    @Override
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        mDevice.finishOpenedActivities();
    }

    public void testLogin() {
        mDevice.clearEditText((EditText)mDevice.getView("id/username"));
        mDevice.enterText((EditText) mDevice.getView("id/username"), "Test");

        assertTrue("Problem asserting text", mDevice.searchText("Test"));
    }
}

据我了解，为了找到应用程序，我必须修改 list 并指向 targetPackage。我这样试过

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.crysis.myautomatedtest">

    <application android:allowBackup="true" android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:theme="@style/AppTheme">

    </application>

    <instrumentation
        android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"
        android:targetPackage="com.external.apptotest" />

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

</manifest>

但是那一行有一个错误，指出

Cannot resolve symbol 'com.external.apptotest' (that is the package of the app to test installed on the device) Validates resource references inside Android XML file

显然我遗漏了什么。如何处理要在黑盒测试中测试的 APK？如何给 Robotium 测试什么提供引用？

Answer 1

您需要在build.gradle 文件中指定测试应用。在 defaultConfig 部分，添加

testApplicationId "com.external.apptotest"