c# - 为 C# 互操作对象创建可重用的 Excel 样式

Question

我正在使用 C# 生成几个电子表格，并且正在尝试创建一个可重复使用的 Style可以应用于每个电子表格中的特定范围。我遇到的问题是当我的方法完成执行时，Excel 进程没有正确退出。事实上，我已经能够将问题范围缩小到我正在创建 Excel Style 的代码中。

Workbooks books = excelApplication.Workbooks;
_Workbook wBook = books.Add("");
_Worksheet wSheet = (_Worksheet)wBook.ActiveSheet;

Styles styles = wBook.Styles;
Style columnHeader = styles.Add("ColumnHeader");
columnHeader.Font.Size = 12; // if I comment this out, excel quits correctly

Marshal.ReleaseComObject(wSheet);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(wBook);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(books);

样式在我应用时按预期工作，但在我退出 excelApplication 时 Excel 进程没有退出。如果我注释掉 columnHeader.Font.Size = 12; 行，Excel 进程会正确退出。我错过了什么吗？

更新
我修改了 Govert 的示例 WinForms 应用程序以反射(reflect)我的类的结构，它正在创建多个电子表格。他的应用程序正常退出了Excel进程，而我修改后的版本没有:

using System;
using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace ExcelCOMReferenceTesting
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        private Excel.Application excelApplication;
        private Excel.Style columnHeader;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            DoMyExcelStuff();
            GarbageCleanup();
        }

        private void DoMyExcelStuff()
        {
            StartExcel();
            var wBook = GenerateWorksheet();

            excelApplication.Range["A1"].Value = "Name";
            excelApplication.Range["A1"].Style = columnHeader;
            wBook.SaveAs(@"c:\Test\tst" + DateTime.Now.ToString("mmss") + ".xlsx");

            // No need for Marshal.ReleaseComObject(...)
            // No need for ... = null
            StopExcel();
        }

        private void StartExcel()
        {
            excelApplication = new Excel.Application();
            excelApplication.Visible = false;
        }

        private void StopExcel()
        {
            excelApplication.UserControl = false;
            excelApplication.Quit();
        }

        private Excel._Workbook GenerateWorksheet()
        {
            Excel.Workbooks books = excelApplication.Workbooks;
            Excel.Workbook wBook = books.Add("");

            Excel.Styles styles = wBook.Styles;
            columnHeader = styles.Add("ColumnHeader");
            columnHeader.Font.Size = 12;
            columnHeader.Font.Bold = true;

            return wBook;
        }

        private void GarbageCleanup()
        {
            GC.Collect();
            GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
            GC.Collect();
            GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

可能是对 Font/columnHeader 或样式的挂起引用，访问 Excel 互操作中的属性会导致 Excel 进程挂起；试试这个

Workbooks books = excelApplication.Workbooks;
_Workbook wBook = books.Add("");
_Worksheet wSheet = (_Worksheet)wBook.ActiveSheet;

Styles styles = wBook.Styles;
Style columnHeader = styles.Add("ColumnHeader");
Font font = columnHeader.Font;
font.Size = 12;

Marshal.ReleaseComObject(font);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(columnHeader);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(styles);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(wSheet);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(wBook);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(books);

font = null;
columnHeader = null;
styles = null;
wSheet = null;
wBook = null;
books = null;

GC.Collect();
GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
GC.Collect();
GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();