c++ - c++ 中的 vector 与数组

Question

我的方法有问题。我希望它接受一个字符串数组作为它的第一个参数，而不是一个 vector 字符串。但是，当我尝试使用字符串数组并在主函数中创建一个时，我会遇到各种错误。我不知道我是否应该为我的参数使用一个指向字符串数组的指针，或者只是一个字符串。有帮助吗？

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include<iostream> 
using namespace std;
class UserName
{
    public:
    string newMember(string* exist, string newname) { 
    bool found = false;
    bool match = false;
    stringstream ss;
    string result;
    string othername;
    for(int i = 0; i < exist.size(); i++){
        if(exist[i] == newname){
            found = true;
        break;
        }
    }
    if(found){
        for(int x = 1;   ; x++){
            match = false;
        ss.str("");
        ss << newname << x;
        for(int i = 0; i < exist.size();i++){
            //cout << ss.str() << endl;
            othername = ss.str();
            if(exist[i] == othername){
                match = true;
            break;
            }
        }
        if(!match){
            result = ss.str();
            break;
        }
        }
        return result;
    }
    else return newname;
    }   
};
int main(){
    UserName u;
    string Database [4];
    Database[0] == "Justin";
    Database[1] == "Justin1";
    Database[2] == "Justin2";
    Database[3] == "Justin3";
    cout << u.newMember(Database, "Justin") << endl;
    return 0;
}

Answer 1

不幸的是，C++ 中的数组是一种特殊情况，并且在许多方面表现得不像正确的值。几个例子:

void foo(int c[10]); // looks like we're taking an array by value.
// Wrong, the parameter type is 'adjusted' to be int*

int bar[3] = {1,2};
foo(bar); // compile error due to wrong types (int[3] vs. int[10])?
// No, compiles fine but you'll probably get undefined behavior at runtime

// if you want type checking, you can pass arrays by reference (or just use std::array):
void foo2(int (&c)[10]); // paramater type isn't 'adjusted'
foo2(bar); // compiler error, cannot convert int[3] to int (&)[10]

int baz()[10]; // returning an array by value?
// No, return types are prohibited from being an array.

int g[2] = {1,2};
int h[2] = g; // initializing the array? No, initializing an array requires {} syntax
h = g; // copying an array? No, assigning to arrays is prohibited

(取自here)

如果您想要一个行为类似于适当值的数组，请使用 std::array。

#include <array>
#include <string>

void foo(std::array<std::string, 10> arr) { /* ... */ }

int main() {
  std::array<std::string, 10> arr = {"Justin", "Justin1", "Justin2", "Justin3"};
  foo(arr);
}