c++ - 如何在不使用 c++ 中的 opencv 的情况下从磁盘加载 Jpeg 图像并创建视频文件(.avi 等)

Question

我正在尝试从磁盘加载 JPEG 图像并从中创建视频文件，但我无法执行此操作。我成功地使用 HBITMAP 处理程序创建了 BITMAP 图像的视频文件，但是位图图像的大小更大，所以我想用 Jpeg 图像制作视频。

这是我将 bmp 图像转换为 avi 文件的类:

#define STRICT
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <windows.h>
#include <vfw.h>

#include "avi_utils.h"


// First, we'll define the WAV file format.
#include <pshpack1.h>
typedef struct
{ char id[4];         //="fmt "
  unsigned long size; //=16
  short wFormatTag;   //=WAVE_FORMAT_PCM=1
  unsigned short wChannels;       //=1 or 2 for mono or stereo
  unsigned long dwSamplesPerSec;  //=11025 or 22050 or 44100
  unsigned long dwAvgBytesPerSec; //=wBlockAlign * dwSamplesPerSec
  unsigned short wBlockAlign;     //=wChannels * (wBitsPerSample==8?1:2)
  unsigned short wBitsPerSample;  //=8 or 16, for bits per sample
} FmtChunk;

typedef struct
{ char id[4];            //="data"
  unsigned long size;    //=datsize, size of the following array
  unsigned char data[1]; //=the raw data goes here
} DataChunk;

typedef struct
{ char id[4];         //="RIFF"
  unsigned long size; //=datsize+8+16+4
  char type[4];       //="WAVE"
  FmtChunk fmt;
  DataChunk dat;
} WavChunk;
#include <poppack.h>




// This is the internal structure represented by the HAVI handle:
typedef struct
{ IAVIFile *pfile;    // created by CreateAvi
  WAVEFORMATEX wfx;   // as given to CreateAvi (.nChanels=0 if none was given). Used when audio stream is first created.
  int period;         // specified in CreateAvi, used when the video stream is first created
  IAVIStream *as;     // audio stream, initialised when audio stream is first created
  IAVIStream *ps, *psCompressed;  // video stream, when first created
  unsigned long nframe, nsamp;    // which frame will be added next, which sample will be added next
  bool iserr;         // if true, then no function will do anything
} TAviUtil;





HAVI CreateAvi(const char *fn, int frameperiod, const WAVEFORMATEX *wfx)
{ IAVIFile *pfile;
  AVIFileInit();
  HRESULT hr = AVIFileOpen(&pfile, fn, OF_WRITE|OF_CREATE, NULL);
  if (hr!=AVIERR_OK) {AVIFileExit(); return NULL;}
  TAviUtil *au = new TAviUtil;
  au->pfile = pfile;
  if (wfx==NULL) ZeroMemory(&au->wfx,sizeof(WAVEFORMATEX)); else CopyMemory(&au->wfx,wfx,sizeof(WAVEFORMATEX));
  au->period = frameperiod;
  au->as=0; au->ps=0; au->psCompressed=0;
  au->nframe=0; au->nsamp=0;
  au->iserr=false;
  return (HAVI)au;
}

HRESULT CloseAvi(HAVI avi)
{ if (avi==NULL) return AVIERR_BADHANDLE;
  TAviUtil *au = (TAviUtil*)avi;
  if (au->as!=0) AVIStreamRelease(au->as); au->as=0;
  if (au->psCompressed!=0) AVIStreamRelease(au->psCompressed); au->psCompressed=0;
  if (au->ps!=0) AVIStreamRelease(au->ps); au->ps=0;
  if (au->pfile!=0) AVIFileRelease(au->pfile); au->pfile=0;
  AVIFileExit();
  delete au;
  return S_OK;
}


HRESULT SetAviVideoCompression(HAVI avi, HBITMAP hbm, AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS *opts, bool ShowDialog, HWND hparent)
{ if (avi==NULL) return AVIERR_BADHANDLE;
  if (hbm==NULL) return AVIERR_BADPARAM;
  DIBSECTION dibs; int sbm = GetObject(hbm,sizeof(dibs),&dibs);
  if (sbm!=sizeof(DIBSECTION)) return AVIERR_BADPARAM;
  TAviUtil *au = (TAviUtil*)avi;
  if (au->iserr) return AVIERR_ERROR;
  if (au->psCompressed!=0) return AVIERR_COMPRESSOR;
  //
  if (au->ps==0) // create the stream, if it wasn't there before
  { AVISTREAMINFO strhdr; ZeroMemory(&strhdr,sizeof(strhdr));
    strhdr.fccType = streamtypeVIDEO;// stream type
    strhdr.fccHandler = 0; 
    strhdr.dwScale = au->period;
    strhdr.dwRate = 1000;
    strhdr.dwSuggestedBufferSize  = dibs.dsBmih.biSizeImage;
    SetRect(&strhdr.rcFrame, 0, 0, dibs.dsBmih.biWidth, dibs.dsBmih.biHeight);
    HRESULT hr=AVIFileCreateStream(au->pfile, &au->ps, &strhdr);
    if (hr!=AVIERR_OK) {au->iserr=true; return hr;}
  }
  //
  if (au->psCompressed==0) // set the compression, prompting dialog if necessary
  { AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS myopts; ZeroMemory(&myopts,sizeof(myopts));
    AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS *aopts[1];
    if (opts!=NULL) aopts[0]=opts; else aopts[0]=&myopts;
    if (ShowDialog)
    { BOOL res = (BOOL)AVISaveOptions(hparent,0,1,&au->ps,aopts);
      if (!res) {AVISaveOptionsFree(1,aopts); au->iserr=true; return AVIERR_USERABORT;}
    }
    HRESULT hr = AVIMakeCompressedStream(&au->psCompressed, au->ps, aopts[0], NULL);
    AVISaveOptionsFree(1,aopts);
    if (hr != AVIERR_OK) {au->iserr=true; return hr;}
    DIBSECTION dibs; GetObject(hbm,sizeof(dibs),&dibs);
    hr = AVIStreamSetFormat(au->psCompressed, 0, &dibs.dsBmih, dibs.dsBmih.biSize+dibs.dsBmih.biClrUsed*sizeof(RGBQUAD));
    if (hr!=AVIERR_OK) {au->iserr=true; return hr;}
  }
  //
  return AVIERR_OK;
}


HRESULT AddAviFrame(HAVI avi, HBITMAP hbm)
{ if (avi==NULL) return AVIERR_BADHANDLE;
  if (hbm==NULL) return AVIERR_BADPARAM;
  DIBSECTION dibs; int sbm = GetObject(hbm,sizeof(dibs),&dibs);
  if (sbm!=sizeof(DIBSECTION)) return AVIERR_BADPARAM;
  TAviUtil *au = (TAviUtil*)avi;
  if (au->iserr) return AVIERR_ERROR;
  //
  if (au->ps==0) // create the stream, if it wasn't there before
  { AVISTREAMINFO strhdr; ZeroMemory(&strhdr,sizeof(strhdr));
    strhdr.fccType = streamtypeVIDEO;// stream type
    strhdr.fccHandler = 0; 
    strhdr.dwScale = au->period;
    strhdr.dwRate = 1000;
    strhdr.dwSuggestedBufferSize  = dibs.dsBmih.biSizeImage;
    SetRect(&strhdr.rcFrame, 0, 0, dibs.dsBmih.biWidth, dibs.dsBmih.biHeight);
    HRESULT hr=AVIFileCreateStream(au->pfile, &au->ps, &strhdr);
    if (hr!=AVIERR_OK) {au->iserr=true; return hr;}
  }
  //
  // create an empty compression, if the user hasn't set any
  if (au->psCompressed==0)
  { AVICOMPRESSOPTIONS opts; ZeroMemory(&opts,sizeof(opts));
    opts.fccHandler=mmioFOURCC('D','I','B',' '); 
    HRESULT hr = AVIMakeCompressedStream(&au->psCompressed, au->ps, &opts, NULL);
    if (hr != AVIERR_OK) {au->iserr=true; return hr;}
    hr = AVIStreamSetFormat(au->psCompressed, 0, &dibs.dsBmih, dibs.dsBmih.biSize+dibs.dsBmih.biClrUsed*sizeof(RGBQUAD));
    if (hr!=AVIERR_OK) {au->iserr=true; return hr;}
  }
  //
  //Now we can add the frame
  HRESULT hr = AVIStreamWrite(au->psCompressed, au->nframe, 1, dibs.dsBm.bmBits, dibs.dsBmih.biSizeImage, AVIIF_KEYFRAME, NULL, NULL);
  if (hr!=AVIERR_OK) {au->iserr=true; return hr;}
  au->nframe++; return S_OK;
}



HRESULT AddAviAudio(HAVI avi, void *dat, unsigned long numbytes)
{ if (avi==NULL) return AVIERR_BADHANDLE;
  if (dat==NULL || numbytes==0) return AVIERR_BADPARAM;
  TAviUtil *au = (TAviUtil*)avi;
  if (au->iserr) return AVIERR_ERROR;
  if (au->wfx.nChannels==0) return AVIERR_BADFORMAT;
  unsigned long numsamps = numbytes*8 / au->wfx.wBitsPerSample;
  if ((numsamps*au->wfx.wBitsPerSample/8)!=numbytes) return AVIERR_BADPARAM;
  //
  if (au->as==0) // create the stream if necessary
  { AVISTREAMINFO ahdr; ZeroMemory(&ahdr,sizeof(ahdr));
    ahdr.fccType=streamtypeAUDIO;
    ahdr.dwScale=au->wfx.nBlockAlign;
    ahdr.dwRate=au->wfx.nSamplesPerSec*au->wfx.nBlockAlign; 
    ahdr.dwSampleSize=au->wfx.nBlockAlign;
    ahdr.dwQuality=(DWORD)-1;
    HRESULT hr = AVIFileCreateStream(au->pfile, &au->as, &ahdr);
    if (hr!=AVIERR_OK) {au->iserr=true; return hr;}
    hr = AVIStreamSetFormat(au->as,0,&au->wfx,sizeof(WAVEFORMATEX));
    if (hr!=AVIERR_OK) {au->iserr=true; return hr;}
  }
  //
  // now we can write the data
  HRESULT hr = AVIStreamWrite(au->as,au->nsamp,numsamps,dat,numbytes,0,NULL,NULL);
  if (hr!=AVIERR_OK) {au->iserr=true; return hr;}
  au->nsamp+=numsamps; return S_OK;
}



HRESULT AddAviWav(HAVI avi, const char *src, DWORD flags)
{ if (avi==NULL) return AVIERR_BADHANDLE;
  if (flags!=SND_MEMORY && flags!=SND_FILENAME) return AVIERR_BADFLAGS;
  if (src==0) return AVIERR_BADPARAM;
  TAviUtil *au = (TAviUtil*)avi;
  if (au->iserr) return AVIERR_ERROR;
  //
  char *buf=0; WavChunk *wav = (WavChunk*)src;
  if (flags==SND_FILENAME)
  { HANDLE hf=CreateFile(src,GENERIC_READ,FILE_SHARE_READ,NULL,OPEN_EXISTING,0,NULL);
    if (hf==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {au->iserr=true; return AVIERR_FILEOPEN;}
    DWORD size = GetFileSize(hf,NULL);
    buf = new char[size];
    DWORD red; ReadFile(hf,buf,size,&red,NULL);
    CloseHandle(hf);
    wav = (WavChunk*)buf;
  }
  //
  // check that format doesn't clash
  bool badformat=false;
  if (au->wfx.nChannels==0)
  { au->wfx.wFormatTag=wav->fmt.wFormatTag;
    au->wfx.cbSize=0;
    au->wfx.nAvgBytesPerSec=wav->fmt.dwAvgBytesPerSec;
    au->wfx.nBlockAlign=wav->fmt.wBlockAlign;
    au->wfx.nChannels=wav->fmt.wChannels;
    au->wfx.nSamplesPerSec=wav->fmt.dwSamplesPerSec;
    au->wfx.wBitsPerSample=wav->fmt.wBitsPerSample;
  }
  else
  { if (au->wfx.wFormatTag!=wav->fmt.wFormatTag) badformat=true;
    if (au->wfx.nAvgBytesPerSec!=wav->fmt.dwAvgBytesPerSec) badformat=true;
    if (au->wfx.nBlockAlign!=wav->fmt.wBlockAlign) badformat=true;
    if (au->wfx.nChannels!=wav->fmt.wChannels) badformat=true;
    if (au->wfx.nSamplesPerSec!=wav->fmt.dwSamplesPerSec) badformat=true;
    if (au->wfx.wBitsPerSample!=wav->fmt.wBitsPerSample) badformat=true;
  }
  if (badformat) {if (buf!=0) delete[] buf; return AVIERR_BADFORMAT;}
  //
  if (au->as==0) // create the stream if necessary
  { AVISTREAMINFO ahdr; ZeroMemory(&ahdr,sizeof(ahdr));
    ahdr.fccType=streamtypeAUDIO;
    ahdr.dwScale=au->wfx.nBlockAlign;
    ahdr.dwRate=au->wfx.nSamplesPerSec*au->wfx.nBlockAlign; 
    ahdr.dwSampleSize=au->wfx.nBlockAlign;
    ahdr.dwQuality=(DWORD)-1;
    HRESULT hr = AVIFileCreateStream(au->pfile, &au->as, &ahdr);
    if (hr!=AVIERR_OK) {if (buf!=0) delete[] buf; au->iserr=true; return hr;}
    hr = AVIStreamSetFormat(au->as,0,&au->wfx,sizeof(WAVEFORMATEX));
    if (hr!=AVIERR_OK) {if (buf!=0) delete[] buf; au->iserr=true; return hr;}
  }
  //
  // now we can write the data
  unsigned long numbytes = wav->dat.size;
  unsigned long numsamps = numbytes*8 / au->wfx.wBitsPerSample;
  HRESULT hr = AVIStreamWrite(au->as,au->nsamp,numsamps,wav->dat.data,numbytes,0,NULL,NULL);
  if (buf!=0) delete[] buf;
  if (hr!=AVIERR_OK) {au->iserr=true; return hr;}
  au->nsamp+=numsamps; return S_OK;
}



unsigned int FormatAviMessage(HRESULT code, char *buf,unsigned int len)
{ const char *msg="unknown avi result code";
  switch (code)
  { case S_OK: msg="Success"; break;
    case AVIERR_BADFORMAT: msg="AVIERR_BADFORMAT: corrupt file or unrecognized format"; break;
    case AVIERR_MEMORY: msg="AVIERR_MEMORY: insufficient memory"; break;
    case AVIERR_FILEREAD: msg="AVIERR_FILEREAD: disk error while reading file"; break;
    case AVIERR_FILEOPEN: msg="AVIERR_FILEOPEN: disk error while opening file"; break;
    case REGDB_E_CLASSNOTREG: msg="REGDB_E_CLASSNOTREG: file type not recognised"; break;
    case AVIERR_READONLY: msg="AVIERR_READONLY: file is read-only"; break;
    case AVIERR_NOCOMPRESSOR: msg="AVIERR_NOCOMPRESSOR: a suitable compressor could not be found"; break;
    case AVIERR_UNSUPPORTED: msg="AVIERR_UNSUPPORTED: compression is not supported for this type of data"; break;
    case AVIERR_INTERNAL: msg="AVIERR_INTERNAL: internal error"; break;
    case AVIERR_BADFLAGS: msg="AVIERR_BADFLAGS"; break;
    case AVIERR_BADPARAM: msg="AVIERR_BADPARAM"; break;
    case AVIERR_BADSIZE: msg="AVIERR_BADSIZE"; break;
    case AVIERR_BADHANDLE: msg="AVIERR_BADHANDLE"; break;
    case AVIERR_FILEWRITE: msg="AVIERR_FILEWRITE: disk error while writing file"; break;
    case AVIERR_COMPRESSOR: msg="AVIERR_COMPRESSOR"; break;
    case AVIERR_NODATA: msg="AVIERR_READONLY"; break;
    case AVIERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL: msg="AVIERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL"; break;
    case AVIERR_CANTCOMPRESS: msg="AVIERR_CANTCOMPRESS"; break;
    case AVIERR_USERABORT: msg="AVIERR_USERABORT"; break;
    case AVIERR_ERROR: msg="AVIERR_ERROR"; break;
  }
  unsigned int mlen=(unsigned int)strlen(msg);
  if (buf==0 || len==0) return mlen;
  unsigned int n=mlen; if (n+1>len) n=len-1;
  strncpy(buf,msg,n); buf[n]=0;
  return mlen;
}

这是我的主要内容:

int main ()
{
    const char *fns[] = {"1.bmp","2.bmp","3.bmp","4.bmp","5.bmp"};

    HAVI avi = CreateAvi("test.avi",1000/5,NULL);
    for (int i=0; i<sizeof(fns)/sizeof(fns[0]); i++)
    { 
        HBITMAP hbm=(HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL,fns[i],IMAGE_BITMAP,0,0,LR_LOADFROMFILE|LR_CREATEDIBSECTION);
        AddAviFrame(avi,hbm);
        DeleteObject(hbm);
    }
    AddAviWav(avi,"wav.wav",SND_FILENAME);
    CloseAvi(avi);


}

Answer 1

您需要提供更多详细信息。您使用位图文件制作了哪种类型的视频？以及如何？

要创建视频，帧(或图像)必须以未压缩的形式提供。

对于同一张图片，Bitmap和JPEG在解压缩时占用的空间是一样的。所以你需要做的是一个一个地解码 JPEG，并将它们传递给一些视频编解码器，如 Xvid 或 x264 来压缩流。尽管我不知道您如何将该流存储到 AVI 容器(使用 RIFF 格式，顺便说一句)。

解码 JPEG 文件不像位图那么容易，我建议使用库。例如，libjpeg。 http://www.ijg.org/

编辑:简而言之，读取 JPEG 而不是 Bitmap 是没有用的。我的建议是做你现在正在做的事，然后使用像 ffmpeg 这样的库压缩视频 http://www.ffmpeg.org或 libav http://libav.org/ .我相信您会通过搜索找到使用示例。祝你好运!