python - 在递归函数中用尾递归替换 for 循环

Question

我正在尝试使以下函数完全尾递归，例如把那个讨厌的 for 循环从那里拿走。原因是我试图轻松地将解决方案转换为涉及使用显式堆栈的迭代解决方案。请指教。

def permutations(A):
    P = []
    P2 = []
    permutations_recursive(A, [], P)
    permutations_tail_recursive(A, [], P2, 0)
    print(P2)
    return P

def permutations_recursive(first, last, perms):
    if len(first) == 0:
        perms.append(last)
    else:
        for i in range(len(first)):
            permutations_recursive(
                first[:i] + first[i+1:],
                last + [first[i]],
                perms)

Answer 1

关闭迭代模拟:

def permutations(A):
    P = []
    permutationsI(A, P)
    print(P)

def permutationsI(A, perms):
   stack = [(A, [])]
    while len(stack):
        first, last = stack.pop()
        if len(first):
            for i in range(len(first)):
                stack.append((first[:i] + first[i+1:],last + [first[i]]))
        else:
            perms.append(last)

permutations([1,2,3])
>>[[3, 2, 1], [3, 1, 2], [2, 3, 1], [2, 1, 3], [1, 3, 2], [1, 2, 3]]