algorithm - 凸包算法的意外行为

Question

我试图实现该算法以获取给定点集的凸包，并使用 opencv 在 C++ 上使用以下代码可视化结果:

#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"
#include "StdAfx.h"
#include <vector>
#include <cv.h>
#include <cv.hpp>
#include <cxcore.h>
#include <highgui.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <utility>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>  
#include <algorithm>
#include <stack>
using namespace std; 
using namespace cv;

vector<pair<int,int> > testPoints;
pair<int , int> pivot;
stack< pair<int , int> > hull;
const int frameSize=600;
const double PI = 3.141592653589793238462;
vector< pair <int,int> > points;
Mat img=Mat::zeros(frameSize,frameSize, CV_8UC1);

void drawFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center ,int radius)
{
 int thickness = -1;
 int lineType = 8;

 circle( img,
     center,
     radius,
     255,
     thickness,
     lineType );
}

void drawLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end ,int shade,int thickness)
{
  int lineType = 8;
  shade=shade%256;
  line( img,
    start,
    end,
    shade,
    thickness,
    lineType );
}

float getAngle(pair<int,int> p1 , pair<int,int>p2){
     return atan2(static_cast<double>(p1.second-p2.second) , static_cast<double>       (p1.first-p2.first))*180/PI;
}

bool compareFunction(pair<int,int> p1 , pair<int,int> p2){
    return ( getAngle(p1,pivot)>getAngle(p2,pivot) );
}

void printPoints(vector< pair<int,int> > points){
    for(int i=0;i<points.size();i++)
            cout<<"( "<<(points[i].first-frameSize/2)<<" , "<<(points[i].second-    frameSize/2)<<" )  "<<getAngle(points[i],pivot)<<endl;
     cout<<endl;
}

void mouseEvent(int evt, int x, int y, int flags, void* param){
    if(evt==CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN){
        cout<<"Click at : ( "<<(x-frameSize/2)<<" , "<<(y-frameSize/2)<<" ) , Polar Angle: "<<getAngle(make_pair(x,y),pivot)<<endl;
    }
}

void setUpFrame(){
    int n;
    cout<<"Enter number of points: ";
    cin>>n;

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        points.push_back(make_pair((rand()%static_cast<int>(frameSize*0.75)     +frameSize*0.125) , (rand()%static_cast<int>(frameSize*0.75)  +frameSize*0.125)));

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        drawFilledCircle( img, Point(points[i].first, points[i].second) ,2);
    drawLine(img , Point(frameSize/2,0) , Point(frameSize/2,frameSize),100,1);
    drawLine(img , Point(0,frameSize/2) , Point(frameSize,frameSize/2),100,1);

    cout<<"Settingup frame...\nPress enter to continue."<<endl;
}

void setPivot(){
    int max=-2*frameSize , index=0;
    for(int i=0;i<points.size();i++){
        if(points[i].second>max){
            max=points[i].second;
            index=i;
        }
    }
    pivot=points[index];
    points.erase(points.begin()+index);

    drawFilledCircle( img, Point(pivot.first, pivot.second) ,6);
    cout<<"Pivot chosen at: ( "<<(pivot.first-frameSize/2)<<" , "<<(pivot.second-    frameSize/2)<<" )\nPress enter to continue."<<endl;
}

void sortPoints(){
    cout<<"Sorting points on the basis of polar angles."<<endl;
    std::sort(points.begin(),points.end(),compareFunction);
}

void createHull(){
    pair<int,int> previous,next;
    for(int i=0;i<points.size();i++){
        previous= (hull.size()==0) ? pivot : hull.top();
        next= (i==points.size()-1) ? pivot : points[i+1];

        int x1=(previous.first-points[i].first);
        int x2=(points[i].first-next.first);
        int y1=(previous.second-points[i].second);
        int y2=(points[i].second-next.second);

        if( x1*y2-x2*y1 <0 ) 
                hull.push(points[i]);
        drawFilledCircle( img, Point(hull.top().first, hull.top().second) ,4);
    }

    int size=hull.size();
    pair<int,int> pt;

 drawLine(img,Point(pivot.first,pivot.second),Point(hull.top().first,hull.top().second),200,1);
    for(int i=1;i<size;i++){
        pt=hull.top();
        hull.pop();
        drawLine(img,Point(pt.first,pt.second),Point(hull.top().first,hull.top().second),200,1);
    }
    drawLine(img,Point(pivot.first,pivot.second),Point(hull.top().first,hull.top().second),200,    1);
}

int main(int, char**)
{
    srand (time(NULL));
    namedWindow("Output",1);
    cvSetMouseCallback("Output", mouseEvent, 0);

    setUpFrame();
    setPivot();
    sortPoints();
    createHull();

    imshow("Output", img);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

我知道有内置库可以执行此操作，但我想自己实现该算法。当点数较少时，事情似乎运作良好，例如 30 点，但随着点数的增加，我开始得到一个奇怪的形状(如下图所示的 200 和 1000)。该算法似乎在与枢轴点对角线相对的那些点(由具有最大半径的实心圆表示)中选择额外的点(不应包含在船体中的点)。任何人都可以帮我弄清楚我哪里出错了或建议我可以在代码中进行一些修改吗？

Answer 1

看起来你想实现 Graham 的扫描，但你没有成功。

Graham 的扫描结构如下:

Find the bottom-most point, then sort the points clockwise around it.
Set hull to the first two points.
For each point, say p, from the third onward:
  While you make a left turn from the last edge of hull to the line from hull.back to p:
    popback(hull);
  push(hull, p)

请注意初始化的区别 --- Graham 的扫描从边缘开始，而您从没有点开始。

还要注意循环内部的区别 --- 您使用左转标准作为某种拒绝测试，它涉及 points 中的另一个点，而 Graham 的扫描使用新点来删除那些点不再是船体的一部分。