c++ - 如何计算 C++ 中字符数组中的单词

Question

我在尝试将字符数组中的字母接收到我的 wordCount 函数以计算数组中每个项目中的单词数时遇到问题。我相信我应该只操作该函数，但不清楚如何将 testCases 数组中的单个字母放入字数统计函数中。

在那之后，我会假设我会使用 if 语句来检查读入 wordCount 的字符是否是字母以及它们何时结束以将它们计为一个单词。

代码如下:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Function Prototype
int wordCount (char *userEntry);

int main() {
// Constants
const int MAX_LENGTH = 150;

// Local variables
char testCases[][MAX_LENGTH + 1] = { "0",
    "    1   22    3333    44444 ",
    "     testing    ",
    "a",
    "onetwothree",
    "one two three",
    "    testing    a    11   222  three  4  five  ",
    "a b c d e f" };
int wCount = 0;

// loop through test cases and display number of words in each
for (char *entry : testCases) {
    wCount = wordCount(entry);
    cout << "\nNumber of words in the test case '" << entry << "' is: " 
<< wCount << endl;
}

return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

/*
Function Name:  wordCount
This function counts the # of space-delimited words
in a character string, and returns the count to the
caller.
NOTE: A word is defined as one or more alphabetic
characters separated by one or more spaces,
unless it is the only alphabetic character(s).
*/

int wordCount (char *userEntry) {

return 0;
}

Answer 1

C++ 中的字符串以 null 结尾，这意味着在它们的最后一个字符之后有一个字符代码为 0x00 的 '\0' 字符。要读取字符串/字符数组的每个字符，您只需使用索引运算符 []。 C++ 中的字符串和其他数组一样从 0 到 n-1 进行索引

这里是一个 for 循环的例子，它将一个字符串的一个字符读入一个字符变量。

void iterate_through_characters(const char* aString) {
    // starting at n=0 check each n and make sure it is shorter than the
    // width of the array
    // and that it's not the null terminating character
    for (int n = 0; (n < MAX_LENGTH + 1) && (aString[n] != '\0'); n++) {
        // take the character out of the index in the string and store it in aCharacter
        char aCharacter = aString[n];
    }
}

对于你的特殊情况，你还想跟踪你是否已经在一个词中，如果你还没有在一个词中，只计算一个新词。下面的函数实现了这一点。

int wordCount(const char* input) {

    // this is true if we're in a word
    bool inWord = false; 

    // the number of words we've seen defaulting to 0, no words
    int result = 0;

    for (int n = 0; (n < MAX_LENGTH + 1) && (aString[n] != '\0'); n++) {
       // if this is a space we're not in a word
       if (aString[n] == ' ') {
           inWord = false; // if we were in a word, we aren't now
       } else if (!inWord) {
           inWord = true; // if we weren't in a word, we are now
           result ++; // increment the number of words we've seen 
       }
   }
   return result;
}