java - JPA继承问题

Question

使用 JPA 1(hibernate-core 版本 3.3.0.SP1 和 hibernate-entitymanager 版本 3.4.0.GA):我有一些类似于下面定义的实体，其中 ChildOne 和 ChildTwo 从 Father 实体扩展而来。

@Entity
@Table(name = "TABLE_FATHER")
@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.JOINED)
@DiscriminatorColumn(discriminatorType = DiscriminatorType.INTEGER, name = Father.C_ID_CTG)
public class Father {

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO, generator = "sq")
@Column(name = "ID_PK", nullable = false)
@BusinessId
private Long id;
...
} 

@Entity
@Table(name = "TABLE_CHILD_ONE")
@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.JOINED)
@DiscriminatorValue(Categories.ID_CTG_ONE)
public class ChildOne extends Father {
    ...
}

@Entity
@Table(name = "TABLE_CHILD_TWO")
@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.JOINED)
@DiscriminatorValue(Categories.ID_CTG_TWO)
public class ChildTwo extends Element {
    ...
} 

假设我有一个实体有一个父元素，另一个实体有一组父元素。在这两种情况下，都应该去子实体。

@Entity
@Table(name = "TABLE_ONE")
public class OneTable {

@JoinColumn(name = "ID_PK", referencedColumnName = "ID_PK", nullable = false)
@ManyToOne(optional = false, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private Father element; 
    ...
} 

@Entity
@Table(name = "TABLE_ANOTHER")
public class Another  {

@Fetch(FetchMode.JOIN)
@OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "id", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private Collection<Father> elementCollection;

    ...
} 

我期望始终获取子元素，但是当我获取元素时 getElement() 返回父元素另一方面，当我获取集合 getElementCollection() 时，子元素就来了。

显然，@JoinColumn 是导致此行为的原因，它与父表进行连接并忘记了子元素。该集合按预期工作。

如何通过 getElement() 调用获取子元素？任何想法或解决方法？提前致谢。

Answer 1

问题不是由@JoinColumn引起的。原因是延迟加载。我设法在更简单的例子中查明了你的问题。请原谅我将惯例从父亲改为 parent 。

在下面的示例中，未初始化的元素是 jpa.inheritance.issue.Parent_$$_javassist_1 的类型。它是一个 Hibernate Proxy - 动态创建的 Parent 子类。您可以通过调用 Hibernate 专有 API getHibernateLazyInitializer().getImplementation() 来“解除代理”。

elementCollection 的集合也是延迟初始化的。集合的类型是 org.hibernate.collection.PersistentBag，它在第一次访问时使用正确的数据进行初始化。集合被一次性初始化。请查看使用您的确切 Hibernate 版本 (3.3.0.SP1/3.4.0.GA) 成功通过绿色测试的测试。

    @Test
    public void test() {
        Child c = new Child();
        em.persist(c);

        Another a = new Another();
        a.setElement(c);
        Collection<Parent> col = new ArrayList<Parent>();
        col.add(c);
        a.setElementCollection(col);
        em.persist(a);
        c.setAnother(a);

        long idx = a.getId();
        tx.commit();

        // I'm cleaning the cache to be sure that call to a.getElement() will return proxy.
        em.clear();
        tx = em.getTransaction();
        tx.begin();

        a = em.find(Another.class, idx);
        Assert.assertNotNull(a);
        Parent p = a.getElement();
        // At this point p is a type of jpa.inheritance.issue.Parent_$$_javassist_1

        Assert.assertTrue(p instanceof Parent);
        Assert.assertFalse(p instanceof Child);

        // At this point a.elements is a not initialized (empty) collection of type org.hibernate.collection.PersistentBag
        // When we access this collection for the first time, records are read from the database 
        Assert.assertEquals(1, a.getElementCollection().size());

        if (p instanceof HibernateProxy) {
            p =
                    (Parent) ((HibernateProxy) p).getHibernateLazyInitializer()
                            .getImplementation();
        }

        // At this point p is a type of jpa.inheritance.issue.Child
        Assert.assertTrue(p instanceof Child);
    }

    @Entity
    public class Another {

        @JoinColumn(name = "element_id", referencedColumnName = "id", nullable = false)
        @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
        private Parent element; 
        public Parent getElement() {
            return element;
        }

        public void setElement(Parent element) {
            this.element = element;
        }

        @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "another", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
        public Collection<Parent> elements;

        public Collection<Parent> getElementCollection() {
            return elements;
        }

        public void setElementCollection(Collection<Parent> elementCollection) {
            this.elements = elementCollection;
        }

        // @Id ...
    }

    @Entity
    @Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.JOINED)
    public class Parent {
        @ManyToOne
        private Another another;

        public Another getAnother() {
            return another;
        }

        public void setAnother(Another another) {
            this.another = another;
        }

        // @Id ...
    }

    @Entity
    public class Child extends Parent {         
    }

您不需要 @DiscriminatorColumn 也不需要 @DiscriminatorValue，因为需要这些注解和 InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE 作为确定类型。使用 InheritanceType.JOINED，Hibernate 能够通过检查两个(父表和子表)表中是否存在具有相同 ID 的记录来确定多态类型。您可以打开 hibernate 日志记录以查看确定类型的查询是什么样子的。它是这样工作的:

select
    another0_.id as id0_1_,
    another0_.element_id as element2_0_1_,
    parent1_.id as id1_0_,
    parent1_1_.name as name2_0_,
    case
        when parent1_1_.id is not null then 1
        when parent1_.id is not null then 0
        else -1
    end as clazz_0_
from
    Another another0_
inner join
    Parent parent1_
        on another0_.element_id=parent1_.id
left outer join
    Child parent1_1_
        on parent1_.id=parent1_1_.id
where
    another0_.id=?