java - 如何在 JPanel 中使用 paint 方法

Question

我正在用 Java 开发老虎机，到目前为止我创建了一个按钮，它会随机生成两张图片。我的代码可以编译，但是当我运行它时，我放入 paint 方法中的所有内容都没有显示出来。我有什么想念的吗？感谢您的帮助，这是我的一些代码。

    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponents(g);
        g.drawString("Int 1 is" + int1,30,30);
        g.drawString("Int 2 is" + int2,30,80);
        switch (int1) {
            case 0:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,300,500);
                g.drawImage(img, 300, 500, this);
                break;
            case 1:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,300,500);
                g.drawImage(img2,300,500,this);
                break;
            case 2:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,300,500);
                g.drawImage(img3,300,500,this);
                break;
            case 3:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,300,500);
                g.drawImage(img4,300,500,this);
                break;
            case 4:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,300,500);
                g.drawImage(img5,300,500,this);
                break;
            case 5:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,300,500);
                g.drawImage(img6,300,500,this);
                break;
            case 6:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,300,500);
                g.drawImage(img7,300,500,this);
                break;
            case 7:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,300,500);
                g.drawImage(img8,300,500,this);
                break;
            case 8:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,300,500);
                g.drawImage(img9,300,500,this);
                break;
            case 9:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,300,500);
                g.drawImage(img10,300,500,this);
                break;
        }
        switch (int2) {
            case 0:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,800,500);
                g.drawImage(img, 800, 500, this);
                break;
            case 1:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,800,500);
                g.drawImage(img2,800,500,this);
                break;
            case 2:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,800,500);
                g.drawImage(img3,800,500,this);
                break;
            case 3:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,800,500);
                g.drawImage(img4,800,500,this);
                break;
            case 4:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,800,500);
                g.drawImage(img5,800,500,this);
                break;
            case 5:
\               g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,800,500);
                g.drawImage(img6,800,500,this);
                break;
            case 6:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,800,500);
                g.drawImage(img7,800,500,this);
                break;
            case 7:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,800,500);
                g.drawImage(img8,800,500,this);
                break;
            case 8:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,800,500);
                g.drawImage(img9,800,500,this);
                break;
            case 9:
                g.setColor(Color.white);
                g.fillRect(300,300,800,500);
                g.drawImage(img10,800,500,this);
                break;
        }
        this.setVisible(true);
    }

Answer 1

问题:

• 您直接在 JFrame 中绘图——不要这样做，因为您会弄乱 JFrame 图形。
• 您覆盖了 paint 方法并调用了 super.paintComponents(...)方法，这又是一件危险的事情，也是永远不应该做的事情。

相反，您可以在 paintComponent(...) 中绘图JPanel 的方法并调用正确的 super.paintComponent(...)它内部的方法，如 Swing painting tutorials 中所述，但何必呢。创建一组 ImageIcons 并简单地调用 setIcon(...) 会容易得多在从数组或 ArrayList 中随机选择一个图标后，在 3 个(或您需要的任何数量)JLabel 上。

此外，永远不要这样做:

try {

  // .... some code here

} catch (IOException e) {

}

至少打印出 catch block 中的堆栈跟踪，这样您就可以在发生任何 IO 异常时识别它们:

try {

  // .... some code here

} catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace(); // ****** added ********    
}

---

例如，以下代码将生成此 GUI:

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.*;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
// extend JPanel, not JFrame as it gives the class more flexibility as to where to use
public class ShowRandomImages extends JPanel {
   // images from Andrew Thompson's example image page,
   // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19209650/example-images-for-code-and-mark-up-qas
   private static final String IMAGE_SHEET_PATH = "http://i.stack.imgur.com/memI0.png";
   // how many JLabels to show in a row
   private static final int LABEL_COUNT = 3;
   // need to get subimages from image sheet. There are 6 columns in the sheet
   private static final int IMAGE_COLUMNS = 6;
   // array of JLabel
   private JLabel[] labels = new JLabel[LABEL_COUNT];
   // hold all the images as ImageIcons read in
   private List<Icon> imageIconList = new ArrayList<>();
   // to randomize the images
   private Random random = new Random();

   // pass the ImageIcon List into this class
   public ShowRandomImages(List<Icon> iconList) {
      this.imageIconList = iconList;
      // jpanel hold row of image-displaying JLabels
      JPanel labelHolderPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 0, 5, 0));
      for (int i = 0; i < labels.length; i++) { // create all JLabels in array
         labels[i] = new JLabel();
         labels[i].setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.DARK_GRAY));
         labels[i].setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER); // center the icon
         labels[i].setIcon(getRandomIcon()); // initialize with a random image
         labelHolderPanel.add(labels[i]); // add to holder JPanel
      }

      // panel to hold button at bottom
      JPanel bottomPanel = new JPanel();
      // button uses an AbstractAction rather than an ActionListener
      bottomPanel.add(new JButton(new ShowRandomIconAction("Show Random Image")));

      setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
      setLayout(new BorderLayout());
      add(labelHolderPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
      add(bottomPanel, BorderLayout.PAGE_END);
   }

   private Icon getRandomIcon() {
      int randomIndex = random.nextInt(imageIconList.size());
      return imageIconList.get(randomIndex);
   }

   private class ShowRandomIconAction extends AbstractAction {
      public ShowRandomIconAction(String name) {
         super(name);
         int mnemonic = (int) name.charAt(0);
         putValue(MNEMONIC_KEY, mnemonic);
      }

      @Override
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
         for (JLabel jLabel : labels) {
            jLabel.setIcon(getRandomIcon());
         }
      }
   }

   private static void createAndShowGui(List<Icon> imageIconList) {
      ShowRandomImages mainPanel = new ShowRandomImages(imageIconList);

      JFrame frame = new JFrame("ShowRandomImages");
      frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
      frame.getContentPane().add(mainPanel);
      frame.pack();
      frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);
      frame.setVisible(true);
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      try {
         final List<Icon> iconList = getImages();
         SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
               createAndShowGui(iconList);
            }
         });
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
         System.exit(-1);
      }
   }

   // read in image sheet and extract sub-images from it
   private static List<Icon> getImages() throws IOException {
      List<Icon> iconList = new ArrayList<>();
      URL imageUrl = new URL(IMAGE_SHEET_PATH);
      BufferedImage imageSheet = ImageIO.read(imageUrl);
      for (int i = 0; i < IMAGE_COLUMNS; i++) {
         int x = (int) ((double) i * imageSheet.getWidth() / IMAGE_COLUMNS);
         int y = 0;
         int w = imageSheet.getWidth() / IMAGE_COLUMNS;
         int h = imageSheet.getHeight() / 2;

         BufferedImage subImage = imageSheet.getSubimage(x, y, w, h);
         iconList.add(new ImageIcon(subImage));
      }
      return iconList;
   }
}

否则，如果您绝对必须以绘画方式显示图像，我建议:

• 创建一个仅显示一个图像的 JPanel 扩展类，假设称为 ImageDisplayPanel。如果你需要显示 2 张图片，你将给你的第 2 类。
• 向其中传递一个 List<BufferedImage>
• 给它一个displayRandomImage()方法
• 在这个方法中，从列表中选择一个随机图像并为这个图像设置一个 BufferedImage 字段，然后调用 repaint()。
• 如果该字段不为空，则 DrawImagePanel 的 paintComponent 方法将绘制该字段持有的图像。
• 在主 GUI 中，根据需要在 2 或 3 个图像 JPanel 上调用此方法。