java - 如何使用 TestNg 对 Hibernate、H2 进行测试？

Question

什么是测试 DAO 层的正确方法？

我在创建和销毁 SessionFactory 时使用了 @BeforeMethod 和 @AfterMethod 注释方法，但它不适用于多个测试。如果测试一个接一个地运行，但当它们一起运行时没有使用 maven 构建，所以我决定我应该使用 TestNg 组对它们进行分组并执行 @BeforeGroup 和 @AfterGroup 方法，其中我对 Hibernate 做了同样的事情。

所以我做了这样的事情:

@Test(groups = {"integration"})
public class IntegrationTest
{
    protected SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    @BeforeGroups(groups = {"integration"})
    public void setUpHibernate() throws Exception
    {
        // here I configure sessionFactory
        this.sessionFactory = ...
    }

    @AfterGroups(groups = {"integration"})
    public void putItDown() throws Exception
    {
        sessionFactory.close();
    }
}

我的每个测试都像这样扩展了这个类

@Test(groups = "integration")
public class RateRepositoryHibernateTest  extends IntegrationTest
{
    ...
}

然后我注意到只有一个扩展测试设置了 sessionFactory，其余的都是 null，这并不奇怪，因为该方法应该运行一次。现在我真的不知道该怎么办。

如何围绕组测试方法从@BeforeGroup 方法传递数据？

或

如何以不同的方式做到这一点？

或

如何在每次测试之前和之后设置和拆除 SessionFactory，但在多次测试中我不会得到任何悲观的锁定异常？

--编辑:

也欢迎回答解释如何以不同的方式做到这一点。我想知道使用 TestNg、Hibernate 和一些内存数据库进行集成测试的最新技术。

--编辑 2:

堆栈跟踪，下面的测试代码

Hibernate: select roomtype_.type_name from ROOM_TYPES roomtype_ where roomtype_.type_name=?
Hibernate: call next value for rates_sequence
Hibernate: call next value for rates_sequence
Hibernate: insert into ROOMS (prefix, housekeepingStatus, availability, maxExtraBeds, standard, maximum, type, name) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into RATES (standardPrice, upchargeExtraPerson, upchargeExtraBed, room, RATE_TYPE, id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, 'R', ?)
Hibernate: insert into RATES (standardPrice, upchargeExtraPerson, upchargeExtraBed, room, seasonId, RATE_TYPE, id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 'S', ?)
Hibernate: insert into ROOM_TYPES (type_name) values (?)
Hibernate: select roomtype_.type_name from ROOM_TYPES roomtype_ where roomtype_.type_name=?
Hibernate: call next value for rates_sequence
Hibernate: insert into ROOMS (prefix, housekeepingStatus, availability, maxExtraBeds, standard, maximum, type, name) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into RATES (standardPrice, upchargeExtraPerson, upchargeExtraBed, room, RATE_TYPE, id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, 'R', ?)
org.hibernate.PessimisticLockException: Timeout trying to lock table ; SQL statement:
insert into RATES (standardPrice, upchargeExtraPerson, upchargeExtraBed, room, RATE_TYPE, id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, 'R', ?) [50200-168]
    at org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect$2.convert(H2Dialect.java:317)
    at org.hibernate.exception.internal.StandardSQLExceptionConverter.convert(StandardSQLExceptionConverter.java:49)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:125)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:110)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.proxy.AbstractStatementProxyHandler.continueInvocation(AbstractStatementProxyHandler.java:129)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.proxy.AbstractProxyHandler.invoke(AbstractProxyHandler.java:81)
    at $Proxy13.executeUpdate(Unknown Source)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.batch.internal.NonBatchingBatch.addToBatch(NonBatchingBatch.java:56)
    at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:2962)
    at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:3403)
    at org.hibernate.action.internal.EntityInsertAction.execute(EntityInsertAction.java:88)
    at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.execute(ActionQueue.java:362)
    at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:354)
    at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:275)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:326)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:52)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1210)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:399)
    at org.hibernate.engine.transaction.internal.jdbc.JdbcTransaction.beforeTransactionCommit(JdbcTransaction.java:101)
    at org.hibernate.engine.transaction.spi.AbstractTransactionImpl.commit(AbstractTransactionImpl.java:175)
    at net.mklew.hotelms.persistance.RatesPersistanceTest.should_save_rates_and_retrieve_them_with_success(RatesPersistanceTest.java:80)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601)
    at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:80)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:673)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:842)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:1166)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:125)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:109)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.runWorkers(TestRunner.java:1178)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:757)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:608)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:334)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:329)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:291)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:240)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:86)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1158)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1083)
    at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:999)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.run(RemoteTestNG.java:111)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:203)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:174)
    at org.testng.RemoteTestNGStarter.main(RemoteTestNGStarter.java:111)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:120)
Caused by: org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLException: Timeout trying to lock table ; SQL statement:
insert into RATES (standardPrice, upchargeExtraPerson, upchargeExtraBed, room, RATE_TYPE, id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, 'R', ?) [50200-168]
    at org.h2.message.DbException.getJdbcSQLException(DbException.java:329)
    at org.h2.message.DbException.get(DbException.java:158)
    at org.h2.command.Command.filterConcurrentUpdate(Command.java:276)
    at org.h2.command.Command.executeUpdate(Command.java:232)
    at org.h2.jdbc.JdbcPreparedStatement.executeUpdateInternal(JdbcPreparedStatement.java:156)
    at org.h2.jdbc.JdbcPreparedStatement.executeUpdate(JdbcPreparedStatement.java:142)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.proxy.AbstractStatementProxyHandler.continueInvocation(AbstractStatementProxyHandler.java:122)
    ... 47 more
Caused by: org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLException: Concurrent update in table "PRIMARY_KEY_4": another transaction has updated or deleted the same row [90131-168]
    at org.h2.message.DbException.getJdbcSQLException(DbException.java:329)
    at org.h2.message.DbException.get(DbException.java:169)
    at org.h2.message.DbException.get(DbException.java:146)
    at org.h2.table.RegularTable.addRow(RegularTable.java:146)
    at org.h2.command.dml.Insert.insertRows(Insert.java:124)
    at org.h2.command.dml.Insert.update(Insert.java:84)
    at org.h2.command.CommandContainer.update(CommandContainer.java:75)
    at org.h2.command.Command.executeUpdate(Command.java:230)
    ... 54 more

测试代码:

public class RatesPersistanceTest
{

    protected SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    protected HibernateSessionFactory hibernateSessionFactory;

    @BeforeMethod
    public void setUpHibernate() throws Exception
    {
        Logger logger = mock(Logger.class);
        NativelyConfiguredHibernateSessionFactory hibernateSessionFactory = new
                NativelyConfiguredHibernateSessionFactory(logger);
        this.sessionFactory = hibernateSessionFactory.getSessionFactory();
        this.hibernateSessionFactory = hibernateSessionFactory;
    }

    @AfterMethod
    public void putItDown() throws Exception
    {
        sessionFactory.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void should_save_rates_and_retrieve_them_with_success()
    {
        // given
        Money standardPrice = Money.parse("USD 85");
        Money upchargeExtraPerson = Money.parse("USD 80");
        Money upchargeExtraBed = Money.parse("USD 75");
        RoomType roomType = getMeRoomType();
        Room room = getMeRoom(roomType);

        AvailabilityPeriod availabilityPeriod = new AvailabilityPeriod(DateTime.now(), DateTime.now().plusDays(5),
                true);
        Season season = new BasicSeason("season name", availabilityPeriod);
        Rate seasonRate = new SeasonRate(standardPrice, upchargeExtraPerson, upchargeExtraBed, room, season);

        Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        session.beginTransaction();

        session.save(roomType);
//        session.save(room);

        session.getTransaction().commit();
        session.close();


        session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        session.beginTransaction();

        //        session.save(roomType);
        session.save(room);

        session.getTransaction().commit();
        session.close();

        session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        session.beginTransaction();
        session.save(season);

        session.save(seasonRate);

        session.getTransaction().commit();
        session.close();
        // when
        session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        session.beginTransaction();
        final List<Rate> list = session.createQuery("from Rate").list();

        // then
        assertThat(list).contains(seasonRate);
        session.getTransaction().commit();
        session.close();

    }

    @Test( expectedExceptions = org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException.class)
    public void season_rate_should_violate_db_constraints_when_saved_without_season()
    {
        // given
        Money standardPrice = Money.parse("USD 85");
        Money upchargeExtraPerson = Money.parse("USD 80");
        Money upchargeExtraBed = Money.parse("USD 75");
        RoomType roomType = getMeRoomType();
        final RoomName roomName = new RoomName("103");

        final Money roomStandardPrice = Money.parse("USD 100");
        final Money roomUpchargeExtraPerson = Money.parse("USD 50");
        final Money roomUpchargeExtraBed = Money.parse("USD 20");
        final RackRate rackRate = new RackRate(roomStandardPrice, roomUpchargeExtraPerson, roomUpchargeExtraBed, null);
        final int maxExtraBeds = 2;
        final Occupancy occupancy = new Occupancy(4, 2);
        Room room = new Room("C", roomName, roomType, HousekeepingStatus.CLEAN, RoomAvailability.AVAILABLE,
                maxExtraBeds, occupancy, standardPrice, upchargeExtraPerson, upchargeExtraBed);


        AvailabilityPeriod availabilityPeriod = new AvailabilityPeriod(DateTime.now(), DateTime.now().plusDays(5),
                true);
        Season season = new BasicSeason("season name", availabilityPeriod);
        Rate seasonRate = new SeasonRate(standardPrice, upchargeExtraPerson, upchargeExtraBed, room, null);

        Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        session.beginTransaction();

        session.save(room);
        // when
        session.save(seasonRate);

        session.getTransaction().commit();
        session.close();
        // then exception should be thrown
    }

//    @Test
//    public void package_rate_should_violate_db_constraints_when_saved_without_package()
//    {
//
//    }

    private RoomType getMeRoomType()
    {
        final RoomType roomType = new RoomType("cheap" + DateTime.now().toString());
        return roomType;
    }

    private Room getMeRoom(RoomType roomType)
    {
        final RoomName roomName = new RoomName("101001" + DateTime.now().toString());

        final Money standardPrice = Money.parse("USD 100");
        final Money upchargeExtraPerson = Money.parse("USD 50");
        final Money upchargeExtraBed = Money.parse("USD 20");
        final RackRate rackRate = new RackRate(standardPrice, upchargeExtraPerson, upchargeExtraBed, null);
        final int maxExtraBeds = 2;
        final Occupancy occupancy = new Occupancy(4, 2);
        return new Room("C", roomName, roomType, HousekeepingStatus.CLEAN, RoomAvailability.AVAILABLE, maxExtraBeds,
                occupancy, standardPrice, upchargeExtraPerson, upchargeExtraBed);
    }

}

hibernate 配置:

<hibernate-configuration>

    <session-factory>
        <!-- Database connection settings -->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">org.h2.Driver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:h2:mem:db1;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=0;MVCC=true</property>
        <property name="connection.username">sa</property>
        <property name="connection.password"/>

        <!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) -->
        <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>

        <!-- SQL dialect -->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect</property>

        <!-- Disable the second-level cache  -->
        <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.internal.NoCachingRegionFactory</property>

        <!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->
        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>

        <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>

        <!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup -->
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create-drop</property>

       <!-- skipped mappings -->

    </session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

Answer 1

测试使用 Hibernate 的代码的首选方法是使用 @BeforeMethod 和 @AfterMethod 测试方法。我没有任何使用 TestNg 的经验，但我认为它处理这些函数的方式与 JUnit3.8.1 处理 setUp() 和 tearDown() 的方式类似，这正是我所使用的。

对我来说关键点是 the order of unit test execution shouldn't matter .如果你正在使用 @BeforeGroup 和 @AfterGroup，那么你有相同的 SessionFactory 实例，因此有相同的数据库(在内存中或不在内存中) )，并且测试在该 SessionFactory 上运行的任何变异操作都会影响后面执行读取操作的测试。这可能是需要的(尽管顺序可能必须是可预测的)，在这种情况下，您实际上是在谈论单个“集成测试”，但对于您的情况，听起来您希望测试是独立的。

下一个问题是如何做到这一点。我所做的是配置 Hibernate 以创建并连接到内存数据库，在其上运行创建模式脚本，并为每个测试方法创建一个 SessionFactory。

@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
    super.setUp();
    String dialectClassName = HSQLDialect.class.getName();
    AnnotationConfiguration config = new AnnotationConfiguration().addAnnotatedClass(DividendScheduleGeneratorImpl.class);

    config.setProperty(Environment.DIALECT, dialectClassName);
    config.setProperty(Environment.DRIVER, jdbcDriver.class.getName());
    config.setProperty(Environment.URL, "jdbc:hsqldb:mem:testDB");
    config.setProperty(Environment.USER, "SA");
    config.setProperty(Environment.PASS, "");

    SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport(config);
    export.create(false, true);

    sessions = config.buildSessionFactory();
}

@Override
protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
    sessions.close();
    sessions = null;

    super.tearDown();
}

注意事项:

1. 模式创建并不是那么快，至少对于我使用的 HSQLDB 而言是这样。但是，只要您清楚地将真正测试 Hibernate 的测试与使用可模拟持久层的测试分开，您应该没问题，因为不会有那么多测试必须使用实际数据库。
2. 我的测试是单线程运行的。如果您正在运行多线程，则需要设置数据库名称，以便它对于并发运行的测试是唯一的。

编辑:

根据您的错误堆栈跟踪和代码，以及测试独立运行的事实，我怀疑 PessimisticLockExceptions 是由针对同一数据库在不同线程上运行的测试引起的。可能您甚至在 RATES 表上有一个以数据库为中心的死锁。处理它的两个选项是让测试生成独立的数据库，或者告诉 TestNG 连续运行测试。

首先，您必须以编程方式编辑来自

的 Hibernate 连接字符串

jdbc:h2:mem:db1;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=0;MVCC=true

到

jdbc:h2:mem:<TESTNAME>;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=0;MVCC=true

或类似的。在 JUnit 中，我会使用 TestCase.getName() ，我假设 TestNG 中有类似的可用功能。

另一种方法是串行运行。根据 TestNG 文档，序列化测试应该可以通过注释类(而不是方法)来添加 @Test(singleThreaded=true)

@Test(singleThreaded=true)
public class RatesPersistanceTest

至少它应该是这样工作的，也许当你尝试它时你注释了方法？