Gale-Shapley算法的C++实现

Question

昨天我在做算法课的作业，Gale-Shapley算法的一个实现，它是一种解决相同数量的男性和女性之间有自己的匹配优先级的匹配问题的算法。然后在编码之后我发现它不能很好地工作，因为输入不同，但我就是不明白为什么，也许它有某事。与内存溢出有关。如果有人能指出我的错误，那将对我有很大帮助。万分感谢!这是我教科书中的代码和伪代码:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
bool isOneFree(int n,bool*P)    // test if there's at least one man Free.
{
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        if(*(P+i)==true)    return true;
    }
    return false;
}

int* Matching(int n,int**MP,int**WP) // numbers, priority lists of males and females.
{
    bool isManFree[n],isWomanFree[n],isManProposed[n][n];   // to represent matching states.
    int match[n];   // index-value(man-woman) pair

    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)    // initialize values.
    {
        isManFree[i]=true;
        isWomanFree[i]=true;
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++){   isManProposed[i][j]=false;    }
        match[i]=-1;
    }

    while(isOneFree(n,isManFree))   // all matching completed if it returns false.
    {
        int indexM;
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            if(isManFree[i]==true)  { indexM=i; break; }    // we'll try matching this guy with a girl!
        }

        int indexWo;
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            int w=MP[indexM][i];
            if(isManProposed[indexM][w]==false)  { indexWo=w;   break;}  // current priority
        }
        isManProposed[indexM][indexWo]=true;

        if(isWomanFree[indexWo])
        {
            isManFree[indexM]=false;
            isWomanFree[indexWo]=false;
            match[indexM]=indexWo; // they're engaged!
        }
        else    // she's engaged to someone already.
        {
            int indexRival; // find the competitor's index.
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
            {
                if(match[i]==indexWo){ indexRival=i;    break; }
            }

            int pM,pRival;
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
            {
                if(WP[indexWo][i]==indexM)  pM=i;
                if(WP[indexWo][i]==indexRival)  pRival=i;
            }
            if(pM<pRival)   // the girl's decision
            {
                isManFree[indexM]=false;
                isManFree[indexRival]=true;
                isWomanFree[indexWo]=false;
                match[indexM]=indexWo;  // change the match
            }
        }
    }
    return match;
}

int main()
{
    int n;
    cin>>n;
    int**MP,**WP;
    MP=new int*[n];
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)    // a lot of inputs
    {
        MP[i]=new int[n];
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            cin>>MP[i][j];
        }
    }
    WP=new int*[n];
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        WP[i]=new int[n];
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            cin>>WP[i][j];
        }
    }
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            MP[i][j]--; // inputs are 1~n, get indexes 0~n-1
            WP[i][j]--;
        }
    }

    int*match=Matching(n,MP,WP);
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        cout<<*(match+i)+1<<" ";    // output: matching result
    }
    return 0;
}

伪代码:

Initially all m belongs to M and w belongs to W are free
While there is a man m who is free and hasn’t proposed to every woman
    Choose such a man m
    Let w be the highest-ranked woman in m’s preference list to whom m has not yet proposed
    If w is free then
        (m, w) become engaged
    Else w is currently engaged to m’
        If w prefers m’ to m then
            m remains free
        Else w prefers m to m’
            (m,w) become engaged
            m’becomes free
        Endif
    Endif
Endwhile
Return the set S of engaged pairs

下面是示例输入和输出:
5
2 1 4 5 3
4 2 1 3 5
2 5 3 4 1
1 4 3 2 5
2 4 1 5 3
5 1 2 4 3
3 2 4 1 5
2 3 4 5 1
1 5 4 3 2
4 2 5 3 1

1 3 2 5 4

Answer 1

快速浏览一下您的代码，我发现一个问题是函数

int* Matching(int n,int**MP,int**WP)

返回局部变量的地址，这是一个很大的禁忌。

我会按如下方式更改代码:

int* Matching(int n,int**MP,int**WP) // numbers, priority lists of males and females.
{
    bool isManFree[n],isWomanFree[n],isManProposed[n][n];   // to represent matching states.
    int *match = new int[n];   // index-value(man-woman) pair

完成后释放它:

int*match=Matching(n,MP,WP);
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
    cout<<*(match+i)+1<<" ";    // output: matching result
}
delete [] match;
return 0;

你还应该释放内存

int **MP 和 int **WP

我相信这就是问题所在，它的发生是因为像 int match[n]; 这样的局部变量的内存仅在分配它的函数内部有效。

如果你感兴趣的话，这里有更“科学”的解释。