java - 使用 Spring 和 Mockito 测试 RabbitMQ

Question

尝试让 Spring JUnit 运行器使用 RabbitTemplate 运行测试，并向监听器注入(inject) Mockito stub 服务类。尝试验证与 Mock 的交互。通过我见过的例子，我认为这是可能的。 RabbitMQ 正在运行。登录仪表板时，我可以在那里看到消息。也能够使用独立控制台应用程序使用消息。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:/spring/servlet-context.xml", "classpath:/spring/root-context.xml", "classpath:rabbitlistener-context-test.xml"})
public class ReceiveOrderQueueListenerTest {

    @Mock
    private ReceiveOrderRepository mockRepos;

    @Autowired
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Autowired
    SimpleMessageListenerContainer  listenerContainer;

    @InjectMocks
    @Autowired
    ReceiveOrderQueueListener receiveOrderQueueListener;


    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAbleToReceiveMessage() {
        RequestForService rfs = new RequestForService();
        rfs.setClaimNumber("a claim");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("some.queue", rfs);
        verify(mockRepos).save(new OrderRequest());
    }

} 

然后是 rabbit-listener 配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd 
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.0.xsd">

     <rabbit:connection-factory id="rabbitConnectionFactory" host="XXXXXXXXX.com"   username="test" password="test" /> 
 <!--    <rabbit:connection-factory id="rabbitConnectionFactory" host="localhost" username="guest" password="guest" /> -->

    <rabbit:admin connection-factory="rabbitConnectionFactory" auto-startup="true"  />

    <rabbit:template id="tutorialTemplate" connection-factory="rabbitConnectionFactory"  exchange="TUTORIAL-EXCHANGE"/>

    <rabbit:queue name="some.queue"  id="some.queue"></rabbit:queue>

    <bean id="receiveOrderListener" class="XXXXXXXXXX.connect.message.ReceiveOrderQueueListenerImpl"></bean>


    <rabbit:topic-exchange id="myExchange" name="TUTORIAL-EXCHANGE">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding queue="some.queue"   pattern="some.queue"></rabbit:binding>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:topic-exchange>

    <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="rabbitConnectionFactory">
    <!--    <rabbit:listener queues="some.queue" ref="receiveOrderListener" method="handleMessage"/> -->
        <rabbit:listener queues="some.queue" ref="receiveOrderListener" />
    </rabbit:listener-container>
</beans>

尝试在 MessgeListenerAdaptor 中注入(inject)，并认为测试也需要正确连接监听器。注入(inject)适配器后，我能够验证委托(delegate)是否被注入(inject) stub 。与模拟没有零交互时测试失败。我可以登录到 rabbitmq，消息就在那里。在此测试运行期间，注入(inject)的监听器对象未使用队列中的消息。

差点忘了，这位听众。尝试了默认签名并尝试了 designate 方法。

public class ReceiveOrderQueueListenerImpl implements ReceiveOrderQueueListener {

    @Autowired
    ReceiveOrderRepository receiveOrderRepository;

    @Override
    public void handleMessage(RequestForService rfs) {
        System.out.println("receive a message");
        receiveOrderRepository.save(new OrderRequest());
    }

    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        receiveOrderRepository.save(new OrderRequest());
    }

}

任何建议都会有所帮助，非常感谢您提前提供帮助。

Answer 1

我在您的测试中看不到任何同步。消息传递本质上是异步的(这意味着您的测试可以在消息到达之前完成)。

尝试使用 Latch 概念，它会阻塞直到消息到达或直到超时到期。

首先，您需要一个用于队列的测试监听器 bean:

@Bean
@lombok.RequiredArgsContructor
@lombok.Setter
public class TestListener {
    
    private final ReceiveOrderQueueListener realListener;
    private CountDownLatch latch;

    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        realListener.onMessage(message);
        latch.countDown();
    }
}

确保将其配置为在测试上下文中代替您的原始监听器使用。

然后在你的测试中你可以设置闩锁:

public class ReceiveOrderQueueListenerTest {

    @Autowired
    private TestListener testListener;

    @Test
    public void testAbleToReceiveMessage() {
        RequestForService rfs = new RequestForService();
        rfs.setClaimNumber("a claim");

        // Set latch for 1 message.
        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);  
        testListener.setLatch(latch);

        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("some.queue", rfs);

        // Wait max 5 seconds, then do assertions.
        latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        verify(mockRepos).save(new OrderRequest());
    }
}

请注意，有更好的方式来使用锁存器(例如 channel 拦截器或 Mockito 的 LatchCountDownAndCallRealMethodAnswer)，但这是基本思想。参见 Spring AMQP testing reference了解更多信息。