java - Cucumber-JVM 认为所有(@Given、@When、@Then)注释都是可互换的

Question

我已经(非常残酷地)注意到，对于 cucumber-JVM，当您定义其步骤具有看似相同名称的功能时，它们被认为是可互换的。

给出

Feature: Grab that cash with both hands and make a stash

  Scenario: Spend it
    Given Jack has 5 dollars
    When  Jack wants to buy Lear Jet
    Then  He doesn't have enough cash

  Scenario: acquire it
    Given Jack is broke
    But   his wealth is slowly growing
    When  Jack has 5 dollars
    Then  He can afford a pack of gum

  Scenario: own it
    Given Jack is broke
    But   he has a job that's paid 5 dollar an hour
    When  He works an hour
    Then  Jack has 5 dollars

@Given("^Jack has 5 dollars$")
public void set_it() throws Throwable {
    this.jack = new Person();
    jack.setCashAmount(5);
}

@When("^Jack has 5 dollars$")
public void wait_it() throws Throwable {
    jack.waitFor(wealth(is(equalTo(5))));
}

@Then("^Jack has 5 dollars$")
public void check_it() throws Throwable {
    assertThat("Jack should have 5 dollars by now",
               jack.getCashAmount(),
               is(equalTo(5)));
}

什么时候

我用 cucumber 运行这个功能(用 mvn/intelliJ 插件/eclipse 插件/魔法 Crystal 球/其他可笑的媒介)

然后

我收到以下消息:

cucumber.runtime.DuplicateStepDefinitionException: Duplicate step definitions in my.project.MySteps.wait_it() in file:[...] and my.project.MySteps.set_it() in file:[...]
    at cucumber.runtime.RuntimeGlue.addStepDefinition(RuntimeGlue.java:33)
    at cucumber.runtime.java.JavaBackend.addStepDefinition(JavaBackend.java:151)
    at cucumber.runtime.java.MethodScanner.scan(MethodScanner.java:68)
    at cucumber.runtime.java.MethodScanner.scan(MethodScanner.java:41)
    at cucumber.runtime.java.JavaBackend.loadGlue(JavaBackend.java:86)
...

还有一堆其他不相关的行，我会为你省去。

诊断

Cucumber 似乎在 @Given("a")、@When("a") 和 @Then("a ")(以及 @And 和 @But 我真的不知道它们最初的用途是什么，因为它们只是语法糖“和我刚才做的一样”)

但正如实现建议的那样，这 3 个步骤彼此截然不同。每句话都正确描述了测试应该做什么，随后的实现是明确的。

• “给定”步骤应设置测试先决条件
• “何时”步骤应该触发一个 Action 或等待一个 Action
• “Then”步骤应该在之后断言系统的状态。

我错过了什么？

有没有办法告诉 Cucumber 如何不仅依赖正则表达式而且依赖步骤类型(对我来说，这应该是默认行为)？

Answer 1

是的，这就是它应该的工作方式。步骤名称本身应该足够清晰，可以看出它是关于测试设置 (Given)、某些操作 (When) 还是验证结果 (Then)。

Action 步骤通常可以用措辞来包含动词，以区分设置和断言我同意这有时非常困难。您必须在这里提出自己的约定，一种可能是:

Given Jack is broke
 When Jack earns 5 dollars
 Then Jack should have 5 dollars